Kitamura Hideya, Matsuo Akiko
Department of Sociology, Toyo University, Bunkyo, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Tokai Gakuen University, Nagoya, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2021 Feb 11;12:590595. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.590595. eCollection 2021.
The moral foundations theory (MFT) proposes that there are five moral foundations that work as the standard to make moral judgments. Among them, the purity foundation is a complex concept. It is considered to be a distinctive foundation compared with the other ones partly because it involves religious beliefs. The assumption underlying the purity foundation is Christian beliefs, so the MFT was developed and made prevalent mostly in the Western cultures. However, because of that assumption, cultural differences in perceiving the purity foundation should be observed with a non-Western sample, such as Japan. It would be important to discuss and clarify the Japanese unique aspect of their orientation toward the pure and impure. We constituted a scale to measure people's tendency toward purity orientation-pollution avoidance (POPA), based on the purity/sanctity subscale of the MFT. For validation, we administered several scales along with POPA. In Study 1, we developed the scale and measured the relationship between the degree of one's POPA, disgust, and animism. We identified four factors as POPA subscales. In Study 2, we investigated the test-retest reliability of POPA and conducted questionnaire surveys to measure attitudes toward paranormal phenomena and the degree of concern for each of the moral foundations. The results showed the validity of the scale, based on the moderate correlations with other scales. The POPA can be a promising tool to better understand the phenomena involving the purity foundation in a Japanese context.
道德基础理论（MFT）提出，有五个道德基础作为做出道德判断的标准。其中，纯洁基础是一个复杂的概念。它被认为是与其他基础相比独特的一个基础，部分原因是它涉及宗教信仰。纯洁基础背后的假设是基督教信仰，因此MFT主要是在西方文化中发展并流行起来的。然而，由于这个假设，应该用非西方样本（如日本）来观察在纯洁基础认知上的文化差异。讨论并阐明日本人对纯净与不纯净的独特取向很重要。我们基于MFT的纯洁/神圣性子量表编制了一个测量人们纯洁取向-污染回避（POPA）倾向的量表。为了进行效度验证，我们在施测POPA的同时还施测了几个其他量表。在研究1中，我们编制了量表并测量了一个人的POPA程度、厌恶和泛灵论之间的关系。我们确定了四个因素作为POPA子量表。在研究2中，我们调查了POPA的重测信度，并进行了问卷调查以测量对超自然现象的态度以及对每个道德基础的关注程度。结果基于与其他量表的适度相关性显示了该量表的效度。在日本背景下，POPA可能是一个有助于更好理解涉及纯洁基础现象的有前景的工具。
