Department of Neurology, 543673Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
J Child Neurol. 2021 Sep;36(10):853-866. doi: 10.1177/0883073821989164. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Although multiple neurologic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in adults, there is little information about those presented in children. Here, we described neurologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in the pediatric population.
Retrospective case series report. We included patients younger than 18 years, admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurologic manifestations at our hospital in Santiago, Chile. Demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory results, radiologic and neurophysiological studies, treatment, and outcome features were described. Cases were described based on whether they presented with predominantly central or peripheral neurologic involvement.
Thirteen of 90 (14.4%) patients admitted with confirmed infection presented with new-onset neurologic symptoms and 4 patients showed epilepsy exacerbation. Neurologic manifestations ranged from mild (headache, muscle weakness, anosmia, ageusia), to severe (status epilepticus, Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalopathy, demyelinating events).
We found a wide range of neurologic manifestations in children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In general, neurologic symptoms were resolved as the systemic presentation subsided. It is essential to recognize and report the main neurologic manifestations related to this new infectious disease in the pediatric population. More evidence is needed to establish the specific causality of nervous system involvement.
尽管已在成人中描述了与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的多种神经系统表现，但有关儿童中表现出的神经系统表现的信息却很少。在这里，我们描述了与 COVID-19 相关的儿科人群中的神经系统表现。
回顾性病例系列报告。我们纳入了在智利圣地亚哥我们医院住院且确诊 SARS-CoV-2 感染和神经系统表现的 18 岁以下患者。描述了人口统计学特征，临床表现，实验室结果，影像学和神经生理学研究，治疗和预后特征。根据是否主要表现为中枢或周围神经系统受累，对病例进行了描述。
90 例确诊感染的患者中，有 13 例出现新发神经系统症状，4 例出现癫痫发作加重。神经系统表现从轻度（头痛，肌肉无力，嗅觉丧失，味觉丧失）到重度（癫痫持续状态，格林-巴利综合征，脑病，脱髓鞘事件）不等。
我们在确诊 SARS-CoV-2 感染的儿童中发现了广泛的神经系统表现。一般而言，随着全身表现消退，神经系统症状得到缓解。认识并报告与这种新传染病有关的主要神经系统表现至关重要。需要更多的证据来确定神经系统受累的特定因果关系。
