Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Food Res Int. 2021 Feb;140:110038. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110038. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
A dietary shift from resource-demanding animal protein to sustainable food sources, such as protein-rich beans, lowers the climate footprint of food production. In this study, we examined the nutrients and antinutrients in 15 fava bean varieties cultivated in Sweden to select varieties with high nutritional value. On a dry weight basis, the fava beans were analyzed for their content of protein (range 26-33%), amino acids (leucine range: 50.8-72.1 mg/g protein, lysine range: 44.8-74.8 mg/g protein), dietary fiber (soluble fraction range: 0.55-1.06%, insoluble fraction range: 10.7-16.0%), and iron (1.8-21.3 mg/100 g) and zinc contents (0.9-5.2 mg/100 g), as well as for the following antinutrients: lectin (0.8-3.2 HU/mg); trypsin inhibitor (1.2-23.1 TIU/mg) and saponin (18-109 µg/g); phytate (112-1,281 mg/100 g); total phenolic content (1.4-5 mg GAE/g); and vicine(403 µg/g - 7,014 µg/g), convicine (35.5 µg/g - 3,121 µg/g) and the oligosaccharides raffinose (1.1-3.9 g/kg), stachyose (4.4-13.7 g/kg) and verbascose (8-15 g/kg). The results indicate substantial differences between cultivars in relation to their contents of nutrients and antinutrients. Only one of the cultivars studied (Sunrise) have adequate estimated bioavailability of iron, which is of major concern for a diet in which legumes and grains serve as important sources of iron. The nutritional gain from consuming fava beans is significantly affected by the cultivar chosen as the food source.
从资源密集型动物蛋白转向可持续的食物来源，如富含蛋白质的豆类，可以降低食物生产的气候足迹。在这项研究中，我们研究了在瑞典种植的 15 种蚕豆品种的营养成分和抗营养成分，以选择具有高营养价值的品种。在干重的基础上，分析了蚕豆的蛋白质含量（范围为 26-33%）、氨基酸（亮氨酸范围：50.8-72.1mg/g 蛋白质，赖氨酸范围：44.8-74.8mg/g 蛋白质）、膳食纤维（可溶性部分范围：0.55-1.06%，不溶性部分范围：10.7-16.0%）和铁（1.8-21.3mg/100g）和锌含量（0.9-5.2mg/100g），以及以下抗营养成分：凝集素（0.8-3.2HU/mg）；胰蛋白酶抑制剂（1.2-23.1TIU/mg）和皂苷（18-109μg/g）；植酸（112-1281mg/100g）；总酚含量（1.4-5mgGAE/g）；以及伴大豆球蛋白（403μg/g-7014μg/g）、伴大豆球蛋白（35.5μg/g-3121μg/g）和低聚糖棉子糖（1.1-3.9g/kg）、水苏糖（4.4-13.7g/kg）和毛蕊花糖（8-15g/kg）。结果表明，不同品种在营养成分和抗营养成分含量方面存在显著差异。在所研究的品种中，只有一个（Sunrise）的铁估计生物利用率足够，这是一个主要的关注点，因为豆类和谷物是铁的重要来源。食用蚕豆的营养价值受到所选择的蚕豆品种的显著影响。
