Maher Shane, Sweeney Torres, O'Doherty John V
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland.
School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland.
Animals (Basel). 2025 May 13;15(10):1403. doi: 10.3390/ani15101403.
The intensifying global demand for food presents significant challenges for sustainable pig production, particularly in the context of escalating input costs, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity. Life cycle assessment provides a comprehensive framework for quantifying environmental impacts and identifying production hotspots within pig production systems. Feed production and manure management are consistently identified as major contributors, emphasising the need for targeted interventions. Although soybean meal remains a key protein source, its association with deforestation and biodiversity loss is driving an interest in more sustainable alternatives. In temperate climates, faba beans offer a promising, locally sourced option, though their wider adoption is limited by amino acid imbalances and anti-nutritional factors. Grain preservation is another critical consideration, as post-harvest losses and fungal contamination compromise feed quality and animal health. Organic acid preservation has emerged as an energy-efficient, cost-effective alternative to industrial drying, improving storage stability and reducing fossil fuel dependence. Additional nutritional strategies, including dietary crude protein reduction, carbohydrate source modification, feed additive inclusion, and maternal nutritional interventions, can enhance nutrient utilisation, intestinal health, and herd resilience while mitigating environmental impact. This review explores practical feed-based strategies to support sustainable, resilient, and resource-efficient pig production and contribute to global food security.
全球对粮食需求的不断增加给可持续生猪生产带来了重大挑战，尤其是在投入成本不断上升、环境退化和资源稀缺的背景下。生命周期评估为量化环境影响和确定生猪生产系统中的生产热点提供了一个全面的框架。饲料生产和粪便管理一直被认为是主要的影响因素，这凸显了针对性干预措施的必要性。虽然豆粕仍然是关键的蛋白质来源，但其与森林砍伐和生物多样性丧失的关联促使人们对更可持续的替代品产生兴趣。在温带气候地区，蚕豆提供了一种有前景的本地来源选择，不过其更广泛的应用受到氨基酸不平衡和抗营养因子的限制。谷物保存是另一个关键考虑因素，因为收获后的损失和真菌污染会损害饲料质量和动物健康。有机酸保存已成为一种节能、经济高效的工业干燥替代方法，可提高储存稳定性并减少对化石燃料的依赖。其他营养策略，包括降低日粮粗蛋白含量、改变碳水化合物来源、添加饲料添加剂以及母体营养干预措施，可以提高养分利用率、肠道健康和畜群恢复力，同时减轻环境影响。本综述探讨了基于饲料的实用策略，以支持可持续、有恢复力和资源高效的生猪生产，并为全球粮食安全做出贡献。
