Ocampo Angie N, Flippen Chenoa A
University of Pennsylvania, USA.
University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Soc Sci Res. 2021 Feb;94:102504. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102504. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
Racial attitudes have long been studied for their salience to inter-group relations and the insight they provide into the nature of ethno-racial hierarchies. While research on racial attitudes among Latinos, now the largest minority group in the United States, has grown in recent decades, critical gaps remain. As such, this paper explores Latino immigrants' attitudes toward Whites, Blacks, and other Latinos across multiple dimensions, including perceived affluence, intelligence, cultural behaviors, and receptivity to contact. We examine cross-group and cross-dimension variation in attitudes in order to evaluate key theories in the literature on racial attitudes, including the effects of socio-demographic factors, social contact, perceived threat, and forms of insecurity. Overall, Latino attitudes do not neatly subscribe to White superiority across dimensions, as they perceive differences in intelligence to be more modest than those in affluence, and rate their own cultural behaviors above those of Whites. Increased contact is associated with more positive views toward Blacks, but more negative views toward Whites and to a lesser extent, other Latinos. Perceived threat results in lower evaluations of all groups, whereas greater insecurity results in negative attitudes toward Whites and Blacks, but appears to push Latinos closer to their own group. Overall, results suggest that among immigrant Latinos, greater integration and social contact reduce White supremacy, rather than simply improving attitudes towards all out-groups, but that the softening of anti-Black prejudice is undermined by perceived vulnerability to crime and anti-immigrant forces.
长期以来，人们一直在研究种族态度对群体间关系的重要性，以及它们对种族等级制度本质的洞察。虽然近几十年来，对拉丁裔（现在是美国最大的少数族裔群体）的种族态度研究有所增加，但关键差距仍然存在。因此，本文从多个维度探讨了拉丁裔移民对白人、黑人及其他拉丁裔的态度，包括感知到的富裕程度、智力、文化行为以及对接触的接受度。我们研究了态度在群体间和维度间的差异，以评估种族态度文献中的关键理论，包括社会人口因素、社会接触、感知到的威胁以及不安全感形式的影响。总体而言，拉丁裔的态度在各个维度上并不完全认同白人优越论，因为他们认为智力方面的差异比富裕程度方面的差异更小，并且认为自己的文化行为优于白人。更多的接触与对黑人更积极的看法相关，但与对白人和在较小程度上对其他拉丁裔的更消极看法相关。感知到的威胁导致对所有群体的评价降低，而更大的不安全感导致对白人和黑人的消极态度，但似乎使拉丁裔更亲近自己的群体。总体而言，结果表明，在移民拉丁裔中，更大程度的融合和社会接触会减少白人至上主义，而不是简单地改善对所有外群体的态度，但对犯罪和反移民势力的感知脆弱性削弱了对黑人偏见的缓和。
