GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 May;35(3):101508. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101508. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by unintended weight loss and muscle wasting. It has a strong negative impact on survival. Its underlying mechanisms involve systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are known to be influenced by the gut microbiota. Preclinical studies support a role for the gut microbiota in cancer cachexia by demonstrating that cachectic mice display: 1) various gut microbiota composition changes; 2) increased gut permeability and translocation of pro-inflammatory microbial compounds; 3) muscle atrophy-related processes linked to gut microbiota properties; 4) positive effects of microbiota-modulating interventions. Data on the relationships between gut microbiota, insulin resistance, and hepatic/adipose tissue metabolism in cachexia models are lacking. Nevertheless, the available data and existing evidence for the impact of gut microbiota on metabolic aberrations in human obesity urge for exploration of its role in human cancer cachexia. We provide practical recommendations and discuss the challenges for such future clinical studies.
癌症恶病质是一种以非有意体重减轻和肌肉减少为特征的代谢综合征。它对生存有强烈的负面影响。其潜在机制涉及全身炎症和胰岛素抵抗，而这些机制已知受肠道微生物群的影响。临床前研究支持肠道微生物群在癌症恶病质中的作用，表明恶病质小鼠表现出：1）各种肠道微生物群组成的变化；2）肠道通透性增加和促炎微生物化合物易位；3）与肠道微生物群特性相关的肌肉萎缩相关过程；4）调节微生物群的干预措施有积极影响。关于肠道微生物群、胰岛素抵抗和恶病质模型中肝/脂肪组织代谢之间关系的数据尚缺乏。然而，现有的数据和现有的证据表明肠道微生物群对人类肥胖代谢异常的影响，促使人们探索其在人类癌症恶病质中的作用。我们提供了实用的建议，并讨论了此类未来临床研究面临的挑战。
