College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 1;11(1):4836. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84286-7.
To date, a large number of Bacillus species from different sources have been identified. However, there are few investigations on genome information and evolutionary insights of Bacillus species from cold environments. Bacillus sp. TK-2, isolated from the soil of Changbai Mountain, is a gram-positive bacterium with cold adaptation characteristics. In this study, we present the annotated complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. TK-2. The genome comprised 5,286,177 bp with a GC content of 35.88%, 5293 protein-encoding genes, 32 rRNA, and 77 tRNA. Numerous genes related to cold adaptation were detected in the genome of Bacillus sp. TK-2, mainly involving in energy supply, regulation of cell membrane fluidity, antioxidant, and molecular chaperones. In addition, the strain TK-2 classified in the Bacillus groups was distributed on a terminal branch with Bacillus cereus A1 by Blastn and phylogenetic analysis in NCBI database. Complete genome sequences of the strain TK-2 and Bacillus cereus A1 were compared by the online tool "Average Nucleotide Identity", showing that the average nucleotide identity of these two strains was 98.26%. In parallel, A comparative analysis of the genomes of both Bacillus sp. TK-2 and Bacillus cereus A1 was conducted. Through the analysis of core and specific genes with cd-hit, it was found that the two strains had 5691 pan gene, 4524 core gene, and 1167 specific gene clusters. Among the 624 specific gene clusters of Bacillus sp. TK-2, some cold tolerance genes were detected, which implied the unique adaptability of Bacillus sp. TK-2 in long-term low temperature environments. Importantly, enzyme-encoding genes related to the degradation of polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose were detected in the 477 CAZyme genes of this genome. This work on sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the complete sequence of Bacillus sp. TK-2 promote the application and in-depth research of low-temperature biotechnology.
迄今为止，已经从不同来源鉴定出了大量的芽孢杆菌属物种。然而，关于来自寒冷环境的芽孢杆菌属物种的基因组信息和进化见解的研究较少。芽孢杆菌 TK-2 是从长白山土壤中分离出来的革兰氏阳性菌，具有冷适应特性。在本研究中，我们呈现了芽孢杆菌 TK-2 的注释完整基因组序列。该基因组由 5,286,177 bp 组成，GC 含量为 35.88%，包含 5,293 个蛋白编码基因、32 个 rRNA 和 77 个 tRNA。在芽孢杆菌 TK-2 的基因组中检测到许多与冷适应相关的基因，主要涉及能量供应、细胞膜流动性调节、抗氧化和分子伴侣。此外，通过 Blastn 和 NCBI 数据库中的系统发育分析，菌株 TK-2 分类为芽孢杆菌属，与蜡样芽孢杆菌 A1 分布在一个末端分支上。通过在线工具“平均核苷酸同一性”比较菌株 TK-2 和蜡样芽孢杆菌 A1 的全基因组序列，表明这两个菌株的平均核苷酸同一性为 98.26%。同时，对芽孢杆菌 TK-2 和蜡样芽孢杆菌 A1 的基因组进行了比较分析。通过 cd-hit 对核心和特定基因进行分析，发现这两个菌株有 5691 个泛基因、4524 个核心基因和 1167 个特异基因簇。在芽孢杆菌 TK-2 的 624 个特异基因簇中，检测到一些耐冷基因，这表明芽孢杆菌 TK-2 在长期低温环境中具有独特的适应性。重要的是，在这个基因组的 477 个 CAZyme 基因中检测到与纤维素和半纤维素等多糖降解相关的酶编码基因。这项关于芽孢杆菌 TK-2 全序列测序和生物信息学分析的工作促进了低温生物技术的应用和深入研究。
