Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2278:195-208. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1274-3_16.
The genus Bifidobacterium constitutes one of the main groups of the human microbiota and some species have a long history of safe consumption supporting an excellent safety record. However, in the context of the increasing worldwide problems associate to the rise of pathogenic microorganisms with acquired resistance to antibiotics, the risk associated to the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants should always be a key starting point for the introduction of any microbial strain into the food chain. Bifidobacteria are not an exception and the presence of resistance to antibiotics is of interest since these microorganisms could potentially act as a reservoir of such resistances. In this context it is necessary to evaluate the presence of antibiotic resistance in any bifidobacterial strain to be included into the food chain. To this end, the first step is the determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern of the strain and the comparison with the susceptibility breakpoints for that species, allowing identifying the presence of atypical resistances in the strain. In this chapter we discuss the many efforts done to harmonize the methods used for the evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility in the genus Bifidobacterium and the currently available guidelines. Moreover, we describe, in detail, the reference protocols used for evaluating the in vitro antimicrobial activity on bifidobacteria.
双歧杆菌属是人类微生物群的主要组成部分之一，其一些物种具有长期安全食用的历史，安全性记录良好。然而，在全球范围内，与具有抗生素耐药性的致病性微生物数量增加相关的问题不断增加的背景下，抗生素耐药性决定因素的存在所带来的风险，应该始终是将任何微生物菌株引入食物链的关键起点。双歧杆菌也不例外，对抗生素的耐药性的关注是有必要的，因为这些微生物可能成为这些耐药性的潜在储存库。在这种情况下，有必要评估任何拟纳入食物链的双歧杆菌菌株的抗生素耐药性。为此，第一步是确定菌株的抗生素耐药模式，并与该物种的药敏折点进行比较，从而确定该菌株是否存在非典型耐药性。在本章中，我们讨论了为使双歧杆菌属的抗菌药物敏感性评估方法标准化而做出的许多努力，以及目前可用的指南。此外，我们详细描述了用于评估双歧杆菌体外抗菌活性的参考方案。
