Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2292:73-94. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_7.
The characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is now widely studied as a promising source of cancer-derived biomarkers because of their role in tumor formation and progression. However, CTCs analysis presents some limitations and no standardized method for CTCs isolation from urine has been defined so far. In fact, besides blood, urine represents an ideal source of noninvasive biomarkers, especially for the early detection of genitourinary tumors. Besides CTCs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers, and the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of urinary lncRNAs has dramatically increased over the last years, with many studies being published. Therefore, this review provides an update on the clinical utility of urinary lncRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder and prostate cancers.
循环肿瘤细胞 (CTCs) 的特征目前作为癌症衍生生物标志物的一个很有前途的来源被广泛研究，因为它们在肿瘤形成和进展中发挥作用。然而，CTC 分析存在一些局限性，到目前为止还没有定义从尿液中分离 CTC 的标准化方法。事实上，除了血液，尿液也是非侵入性生物标志物的理想来源，特别是用于泌尿生殖系统肿瘤的早期检测。除了 CTCs，长链非编码 RNA (lncRNAs) 也被提出作为潜在的非侵入性生物标志物，近年来，对尿液 lncRNAs 的诊断准确性的评估显著增加，发表了许多研究。因此，本综述提供了尿液 lncRNAs 作为膀胱癌和前列腺癌新型诊断生物标志物的临床应用的最新进展。
