The long non-coding RNA : an update of its functions and clinical applications as a biomarker in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer antigen 3 () is an overexpressed prostate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), transcribed from an intronic region at the long arm of human chromosome 9q21-22. It has been described that modulates prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival through modulating androgen receptor (AR) signaling, besides controlling the expression of several androgen responsive and cancer-related genes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and those regulating gene expression and cell signaling. Also, urine levels have been successfully used as a PCa diagnostic biomarker. In this review, we have highlighted recent findings regarding , addressing its gene structure, putative applications as a biomarker, a proposed origin of this lncRNA, roles in PCa biology and expression patterns. We also updated data regarding interactions with cancer-related miRNAs and expression in other tissues and diseases beyond the prostate. Altogether, literature data indicate aberrant expression and dysregulated activity of , suggesting as a promising relevant target that should be even further evaluated on its applicability for PCa detection and management.