Ultra-high quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and their versatile application in fluorescence sensing, bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting.

The exploration of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with ultra-high quantum yield, simple synthesis path, and satisfying output to facilitate their wide applications in numerous fields are always the research focus. In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with strong blue fluorescence were synthesized with a simple one-step hydrothermal method using citric acid and o-phenylenediamine as raw materials, and the absolute quantum yield was as high as 92.1%. The detailed research results demonstrate that the N-CQDs have outstanding fluorescence stability, high selectivity, and anti-interference in Hg detection. The obtained N-CQDs also possess excellent biocompatibility, which can also be successfully applied in cell imaging and intracellular Hg detection. Most importantly, due to their high quantum yield and excellent dispersibility, the N-CQDs solution can be used as a quick-drying fluorescent ink for ink-jet printing. Therefore, the as-prepared N-CQDs have great potential in fluorescence sensing, biomedical diagnosis, data encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.