School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Mianeh Technical and Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
J Safety Res. 2021 Feb;76:73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.12.004. Epub 2020 Dec 20.
Buses are different vehicles in terms of dimensions, maneuverability, and driver's vision. Although bus traveling is a safe mode to travel, the number of annual bus crashes cannot be neglected. Moreover, limited studies have been conducted on the bus involved in fatal crashes. Therefore, identification of the contributing factors in the bus involved fatal crashes can reduce the risk of fatality.
Data set of bus involved crashes in the State of Victoria, Australia was analyzed over the period of 2006-2019. Clustering of crash data was accomplished by dividing them into homogeneous categories, and by implementing association rules discovery on the clusters, the factors affecting fatality in bus involved crashes were extracted.
Clustering results show bus crashes with all vehicles except motor vehicles and weekend crashes have a high rate of fatality. According to the association rule discovery findings, the factors that increase the risk of bus crashes with non-motor vehicles are: old bus driver, collision with pedestrians at signalized intersections, and the presence of vulnerable road users. Likewise, factors that increase the risk of fatality in bus involved crashes on weekends are: darkness of roads in high-speed zones, pedestrian presence at highways, bus crashes with passenger car by a female bus driver, and the occurrence of multi-vehicle crashes in high-speed zones. Practical Applications: The study provides a sequential pattern of factors, named rules that lead to fatality in bus involved crashes. By eliminating or improving one or all of the factors involved in rules, fatal bus crashes may be prevented. The recommendations to reduce fatality in bus crashes are: observing safe distances with the buses, using road safety campaigns to reduce pedestrians' distracted behavior, improving the lighting conditions, implementing speed bumps and rumble strips in high-speed zones, installing pedestrian detection systems on buses and setting special bus lanes in crowded areas.
公共汽车在尺寸、机动性和驾驶员视野方面与其他车辆不同。虽然乘公共汽车出行是一种安全的出行方式，但每年公共汽车事故的数量不容忽视。此外，对于涉及致命事故的公共汽车，相关研究有限。因此，确定涉及致命事故的公共汽车的因素可以降低死亡风险。
对澳大利亚维多利亚州 2006 年至 2019 年期间涉及公共汽车的事故数据进行了分析。通过将事故数据分为同类类别来实现聚类，通过对聚类实施关联规则发现，提取了影响公共汽车涉及致命事故的因素。
聚类结果表明，除机动车外的所有车辆和周末的公共汽车事故死亡率较高。根据关联规则发现的结果，增加与非机动车辆碰撞的公共汽车事故风险的因素是：老司机、信号灯交叉口与行人碰撞，以及弱势道路使用者的存在。同样，增加周末公共汽车涉及致命事故风险的因素是：高速公路上的道路黑暗、高速公路上的行人、由女性司机驾驶的公共汽车与乘用车碰撞，以及在高速公路上发生多车碰撞。实际应用：该研究提供了导致公共汽车涉及致命事故的因素的顺序模式，称为规则。通过消除或改进规则中涉及的一个或所有因素，可能可以防止致命的公共汽车事故。减少公共汽车事故死亡率的建议是：与公共汽车保持安全距离，通过道路安全运动减少行人分心行为，改善照明条件，在高速公路上设置减速带和颠簸条，在公共汽车上安装行人检测系统，并在拥挤区域设置专用公共汽车车道。
