Malayala Srikrishna V, Rehman Hira, Vasireddy Deepa
Internal Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA.
Internal Medicine, Physicians for American Healthcare Access, Philadelphia, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Jan 27;13(1):e12932. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12932.
Skin picking disorder, also termed dermatillomania is a condition that leads to repetitive picking of their skin ending up in skin and soft tissue damage. It is classified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth edition under the "obsessive compulsive and related disorders" section. Often associated with other psychiatric conditions like autism, alcohol abuse, obsessive compulsive, body dysmorphic, mood, anxiety and borderline personality disorders, it is a disorder that is quite often underreported. The patient in this case report is a 58-year-old male with a diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who reported severe anxiety and skin picking episodes over several years. He presented to the emergency room with an extensive wound on distal left foot with exposure of the underlying muscle tissue, that resulted from the excessive picking of skin from the left foot. This compulsive behavior started off with picking the skin around his nail beds and slowly got worse. The skin picking would get worse whenever he gets nervous or anxious. The wound was treated with topical wound care and antibiotics. At the time of discharge, he was prescribed oral antibiotics to complete his course of treatment and was referred to the hospital's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program that specializes in treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders. Treatment of dermatillomania is a multipronged approach and should include treatment of the underlying psychiatric illness, the treatment for pruritus and topical treatment of the lesions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have proved to be the most effective in treating the psychiatric component of dermatillomania. Non-pharmacological treatments such as behavioral therapy, habit reversal exercises and support groups have also proved to be helpful and are well tolerated amongst patients suffering from dermatillomania.
皮肤搔抓障碍,也称为病理性皮肤搔抓,是一种导致反复搔抓皮肤,最终造成皮肤和软组织损伤的病症。在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册(第五版)》中,它被归类于“强迫及相关障碍”章节。该病症常与其他精神疾病相关,如自闭症、酒精滥用、强迫症、躯体变形障碍、情绪障碍、焦虑症和边缘性人格障碍,而且往往报告不足。本病例报告中的患者是一名58岁男性,被诊断为强迫症,他报告称在数年里存在严重焦虑和皮肤搔抓发作情况。他因左脚远端出现大面积伤口,伴深部肌肉组织外露,前往急诊室就诊,该伤口是过度搔抓左脚皮肤所致。这种强迫行为始于搔抓甲床周围皮肤,且逐渐加重。每当他紧张或焦虑时,皮肤搔抓情况就会恶化。伤口接受了局部伤口护理和抗生素治疗。出院时,给他开了口服抗生素以完成疗程,并被转介至医院专门治疗强迫症和焦虑症的认知行为疗法(CBT)项目。皮肤搔抓障碍的治疗采用多管齐下的方法,应包括治疗潜在的精神疾病、瘙痒症治疗以及皮损的局部治疗。选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)已被证明在治疗皮肤搔抓障碍的精神方面最为有效。行为疗法、习惯逆转训练和支持小组等非药物治疗也已证明是有帮助的,并且在患有皮肤搔抓障碍的患者中耐受性良好。