One Health Approach: Invasive California Kingsnake () as an Important Source of Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Clones on Gran Canaria Island.

The increase in the reptile population has led to a rise in the number of zoonotic infections due to close contact with reptiles, with reptile-associated salmonellosis being particularly relevant. California kingsnake invasion not only threatens the endemic reptile population of the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) but also poses serious public health problems by spreading zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to the environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the occurrence, genetic diversity, and AMR among spp. strains isolated from California kingsnakes in Gran Canaria Island (Spain). Of 73 invasive individuals captured, 20.5% carried spp., belonging to different subspecies and serovars, with subsp. as the most abundant. Pulsed-field electrophoresis showed high genetic diversity among subsp. isolates, and among these, 73.3% showed resistance to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. In conclusion, the present study revealed the importance of wild invasive California kingsnakes as reservoirs of drug-resistant spp. that could pose a direct threat to livestock and humans. Identification of drug-resistant strains in wildlife provides valuable information on potential routes of transmission that involve risks to public and animal health.