Mahmoud Nikseresht, Mohammadreza Hafezi Ahmadi, Abdolhosein Taheri Kalani, Mehdi Nikseresht, Arent Shawn M
Department of Exercise Physiology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Pathobiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Apr;22(4):658-668. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1895893. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
This study compared the capacity of linear-(LP) and non-linear periodized (NLP) resistance training to improve select myokines and metabolic parameters in overweight sedentary women. An additional purpose was to compare these variables between the overweight and lean women. Fitness- and age-matched overweight women between 28 and 43 years old were randomly allocated to LP (body fat [BF]% = 38.7 ± 2.6, = 10), NLP (BF% = 39.3 ± 2.4, = 9) and control (BF% = 39.8 ± 2.6, = 9) groups. Lean women (BF% = 29.1 ± 2.3, = 16) matched for age and fitness were also included for baseline comparison. Resistance training programmes (12 weeks, 3 d.wk, 9 exercises, 60-90% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) were performed with different periodization schemes. Glucose, insulin, interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels were measured at baseline and after training. Overweight subjects had significantly lower IL-15, IGF-1 and higher insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR) than lean subjects at baseline (all, < .05). IL-15 and VOmax increased significantly after NLP compared with CON, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (all, < .03). Muscular endurance improved significantly in both models after training compared to CON (all, < .01), but it increased more in NLP than in LP ( = .01). Both training protocols were equally effective at reducing BF% and increasing IGF-1, IL-7, muscle mass and bench press 1RM ( < .01). It appears that LP and NLP are both effective strategies for improving health markers in overweight women, but LP is not as effective as NLP to improve IL-15, HOMA-IR and aerobic capacity.Overweight women had a significantly lower IL-15 and IGF-1 compared to lean encounters, but no significant difference was noted for maximal strength, aerobic capacity, muscle mass, IL-7 and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.Twelve weeks of either linear or flexible non-linear periodized resistance training resulted in reduction in BF% and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and increased IGF-1, IL-7, muscle mass and bench press 1RM, with no difference between the two training protocols.Linear protocol is not as effective as non-linear protocol to improve IL-15, HOMA-IR and aerobic capacity.
本研究比较了线性周期化（LP）和非线性周期化（NLP）抗阻训练对超重久坐女性某些肌动蛋白和代谢参数的改善能力。另一个目的是比较超重女性和瘦女性之间的这些变量。将28至43岁健康状况和年龄匹配的超重女性随机分为LP组（体脂[BF]% = 38.7 ± 2.6，n = 10）、NLP组（BF% = 39.3 ± 2.4，n = 9）和对照组（BF% = 39.8 ± 2.6，n = 9）。还纳入了年龄和健康状况匹配的瘦女性（BF% = 29.1 ± 2.3，n = 16）作为基线比较。采用不同的周期化方案进行抗阻训练计划（12周，每周3天，9项练习，1次重复最大值[1RM]的60 - 90%）。在基线和训练后测量血糖、胰岛素、白细胞介素（IL）-7、IL-15和胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）-1水平。在基线时，超重受试者与瘦受试者相比，IL-15、IGF-1显著更低，而胰岛素、血糖和胰岛素抵抗（稳态模型评估，HOMA-IR）更高（均P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，NLP组训练后IL-十五和最大摄氧量显著增加，同时HOMA-IR显著降低（均P < 0.03）。与对照组相比，两种训练模式训练后肌肉耐力均显著提高（均P < 0.01），但NLP组的增加幅度大于LP组（P = 0.01）。两种训练方案在降低BF%和增加IGF-1、IL-7、肌肉量和卧推1RM方面同样有效（P < 0.01）。似乎LP和NLP都是改善超重女性健康指标的有效策略，但LP在改善IL-15、HOMA-IR和有氧能力方面不如NLP有效。与瘦女性相比，超重女性的IL-15和IGF-1显著更低，但在最大力量、有氧能力、肌肉量、IL-7和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率方面未发现显著差异。12周的线性或灵活非线性周期化抗阻训练均可降低BF%和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率，并增加IGF-1、IL-7、肌肉量和卧推1RM，两种训练方案之间无差异。线性方案在改善IL-15、HOMA-IR和有氧能力方面不如非线性方案有效。
