Havers Tim, Held Steffen, Schönfelder Martin, Geisler Stephan, Wackerhage Henning
Exercise Biology Group, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Fitness and Health, IST-University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Sports Med. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02263-w.
Overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are metabolic health problems and diseases that affect billions of people worldwide. Studies in animals and humans suggest that stimulating global muscle hypertrophy could be a treatment for these diseases, as some key studies suggest that stimulation of global muscle hypertrophy commonly reduces fat mass and improves glucose homeostasis. To analyse the effect of muscle hypertrophy on fat and glucose homeostasis in more detail, we systematically searched the literature and quantitatively analyzed 122 studies (humans: n = 99; animals: n = 23). This analysis reveals that a 1.9-3.3% increase in global muscle mass in humans is associated with 4.1 ± 5.8% lower fat mass, a mean relative reduction in HbA1c of 4.1 ± 4.6% from baseline, and a reduction of fasting glucose concentrations by 5.8 ± 7.3% in studies lasting 2 weeks to 3 years. In the animal studies analyzed, the researchers increased muscle mass by transgenesis, drugs, or resistance training by 17.7 ± 18.4%. This increase of muscle mass was associated with 23.7 ± 22.3% less fat mass. In the second part of this review, we discuss mechanisms by which muscle hypertrophy can affect fat mass and glucose homeostasis. We also discuss the potential use of hypertrophy-focused resistance training and muscle hypertrophy-stimulating drugs as treatments for people with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
超重、肥胖和2型糖尿病是影响全球数十亿人的代谢健康问题和疾病。对动物和人类的研究表明，刺激全身性肌肉肥大可能是治疗这些疾病的一种方法，因为一些关键研究表明，刺激全身性肌肉肥大通常会减少脂肪量并改善葡萄糖稳态。为了更详细地分析肌肉肥大对脂肪和葡萄糖稳态的影响，我们系统地检索了文献并对122项研究进行了定量分析（人类：n = 99；动物：n = 23）。该分析表明，在持续2周至3年的研究中，人类全身性肌肉量增加1.9% - 3.3%与脂肪量降低4.1±5.8%、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）较基线平均相对降低4.1±4.6%以及空腹血糖浓度降低5.8±7.3%相关。在分析的动物研究中，研究人员通过转基因、药物或抗阻训练使肌肉量增加了17.7±18.4%。这种肌肉量的增加与脂肪量减少23.7±22.3%相关。在本综述的第二部分，我们讨论了肌肉肥大影响脂肪量和葡萄糖稳态的机制。我们还讨论了以肥大训练为主的抗阻训练和刺激肌肉肥大的药物作为超重、肥胖和2型糖尿病患者治疗方法的潜在用途。
