Movahedpour Ahmad, Ahmadi Nahid, Ghalamfarsa Farideh, Ghesmati Zeinab, Khalifeh Masoomeh, Maleksabet Amir, Shabaninejad Zahra, Taheri-Anganeh Mortaza, Savardashtaki Amir
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022 Apr;69(2):612-628. doi: 10.1002/bab.2137. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are a group of important enzymes playing a critical role in the degradation and synthesis of carbohydrates. Glycosidases can hydrolyze glycosides into oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates via a cost-effective approach. Lactase is an important member of β-glycosidases found in higher plants, animals, and microorganisms. β-Galactosidases can be used to degrade the milk lactose for making lactose-free milk, which is sweeter than regular milk and is suitable for lactose-intolerant people. β-Galactosidase is employed by many food industries to degrade lactose and improve the digestibility, sweetness, solubility, and flavor of dairy products. β-Galactosidase enzymes have various families and are applied in the food-processing industries such as hydrolyzed-milk products, whey, and galactooligosaccharides. Thus, this enzyme is a valuable protein which is now produced by recombinant technology. In this review, origins, structure, recombinant production, and critical modifications of β-galactosidase for improving the production process are discussed. Since β-galactosidase is a valuable enzyme in industry and health care, a study of its various aspects is important in industrial biotechnology and applied biochemistry.
碳水化合物活性酶是一类重要的酶，在碳水化合物的降解和合成过程中发挥着关键作用。糖苷酶能够通过一种经济高效的方法将糖苷水解为寡糖、多糖和糖缀合物。乳糖酶是在高等植物、动物和微生物中发现的β-糖苷酶的重要成员。β-半乳糖苷酶可用于降解牛奶中的乳糖，从而生产出比普通牛奶更甜且适合乳糖不耐受人群的无乳糖牛奶。许多食品工业都使用β-半乳糖苷酶来降解乳糖，并提高乳制品的消化率、甜度、溶解度和风味。β-半乳糖苷酶有多个家族，应用于水解奶制品、乳清和低聚半乳糖等食品加工行业。因此，这种酶是一种有价值的蛋白质，目前通过重组技术进行生产。在这篇综述中，将讨论β-半乳糖苷酶的来源、结构、重组生产以及为改进生产工艺而进行的关键修饰。由于β-半乳糖苷酶在工业和医疗保健领域都是一种有价值的酶，因此对其各个方面进行研究在工业生物技术和应用生物化学中具有重要意义。
