Nortjé Nico, Jones-Bonofiglio Kristen, Sotomayor Claudia R
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
The University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
Glob Bioeth. 2021 Feb 1;32(1):1-14. doi: 10.1080/11287462.2021.1879462.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's (UNESCO) Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights refers to the importance of cultural diversity and pluralism in ethical discourse and care of humanity. The aim of this meta-narrative review is to identify indigenous ethical values pertaining to the Ojibway (Canada), Xhosa (South Africa), and Mayan (Mexico and Central American) cultures from peer-reviewed sources and cultural review, and to ascertain if there are shared commonalities. Three main themes were identified, namely illness, healing, and health care choices. Illness was described with a more complex and dynamic picture than from the western view, as illness is not considered to be one dimensional. Healing needs to take place on various levels in order to restore a state of equilibrium between the different spheres. Health care choices were also considered from a multi-level perspective. In all three of the indigenous cultures explored, good decision-making is seen to have occurred when choices are informed by commitments to one's moral and ethical responsibilities towards the community, nature, and the spirit world.
联合国教育、科学及文化组织（教科文组织）的《生物伦理与人权宣言》提到了文化多样性和多元主义在伦理话语及人类关怀中的重要性。本元叙事综述的目的是从同行评审来源和文化综述中识别与奥吉布瓦（加拿大）、科萨（南非）和玛雅（墨西哥及中美洲）文化相关的本土伦理价值观，并确定是否存在共同之处。确定了三个主要主题，即疾病、治愈和医疗保健选择。与西方观点相比，疾病被描述为一幅更为复杂和动态的图景，因为疾病不被视为单一维度的。治愈需要在多个层面上进行，以恢复不同领域之间的平衡状态。医疗保健选择也从多层次的角度进行了考量。在所有这三种被探究的本土文化中，当选择是基于对社区、自然和精神世界的道德和伦理责任时，就被视为做出了良好的决策。
