Shamanin V P, Pototskaya I V, Shepelev S S, Pozherukova V E, Salina Е А, Skolotneva Е S, Hodson D, Hovmøller M, Patpour M, Morgounov A I
Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, Omsk, Russia.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2020 Mar;24(2):131-138. doi: 10.18699/VJ20.608.
Stem rust in recent years has acquired an epiphytotic character, causing significant economic damage for wheat production in some parts of Western Siberia. On the basis of a race composition study of the stem rust populations collected in 2016-2017 in Omsk region and Altai Krai, 13 pathotypes in Omsk population and 10 in Altai population were identified. The race differentiation of stem rust using a tester set of 20 North American Sr genes differentiator lines was carried out. The genes of stem rust pathotypes of the Omsk population are avirulent only to the resistance gene Sr31, Altai isolates are avirulent not only to Sr31, but also to Sr24, and Sr30. A low frequency of virulence (10-25 %) of the Omsk population pathotypes was found for Sr11, Sr24, Sr30, and for Altai population - Sr7b, Sr9b, Sr11, SrTmp, which are ineffective in Omsk region. Field evaluations of resistance to stem rust were made in 2016-2018 in Omsk region in the varieties and spring wheat lines from three different sources. The first set included 58 lines and spring bread wheat varieties with identified Sr genes - the so-called trap nursery (ISRTN - International Stem Rust Trap Nursery). The second set included spring wheat lines from the Arsenal collection, that were previously selected according to a complex of economically valuable traits, with genes for resistance to stem rust, including genes introgressed into the common wheat genome from wild cereal species. The third set included spring bread wheat varieties created in the Omsk State Agrarian University within the framework of a shuttle breeding program, with a synthetic wheat with the Ae. tauschii genome in their pedigrees. It was established that the resistance genes Sr31, Sr40, Sr2 complex are effective against stem rust in the conditions of Western Siberia. The following sources with effective Sr genes were selected: (Benno)/6*LMPG-6 DK42, Seri 82, Cham 10, Bacanora (Sr31), RL 6087 Dyck (Sr40), Amigo (Sr24, 1RS-Am), Siouxland (Sr24, Sr31), Roughrider (Sr6, Sr36), Sisson (Sr6, Sr31, Sr36), and Fleming (Sr6, Sr24, Sr36, 1RS-Am), Pavon 76 (Sr2 complex) from the ISRTN nursery; No. 1 BC1F2 (96 × 113) × 145 × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), No. 14а F3 (96 × 113) × 145 (Sr36, Sr44), No. 19 BC2F3 (96 × 113) × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), and No. 20 F3 (96 × 113) × 145 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr40, Sr44) from the Arsenal collection; and the Omsk State Agrarian University varieties Element 22 (Sr31, Sr35), Lutescens 27-12, Lutescens 87-12 (Sr23, Sr36), Lutescens 70-13, and Lutescens 87-13 (Sr23, Sr31, Sr36). These sources are recommended for inclusion in the breeding process for developing stem rust resistant varieties in the region.
近年来，秆锈病呈现出流行态势，给西西伯利亚部分地区的小麦生产造成了重大经济损失。基于对2016 - 2017年在鄂木斯克地区和阿尔泰边疆区采集的秆锈菌种群的小种组成研究，在鄂木斯克种群中鉴定出13个小种，在阿尔泰种群中鉴定出10个小种。利用一套包含20个北美秆锈菌Sr基因鉴别系的鉴别寄主对秆锈菌进行了小种分化研究。鄂木斯克种群秆锈菌小种的基因仅对抗性基因Sr31无毒力，阿尔泰分离株不仅对Sr31无毒力，而且对Sr24和Sr30也无毒力。发现鄂木斯克种群小种对Sr11、Sr24、Sr30的毒力频率较低（10 - 25%），而阿尔泰种群对Sr7b、Sr9b、Sr11、SrTmp的毒力频率较低，这些在鄂木斯克地区无效。2016 - 2018年在鄂木斯克地区对来自三个不同来源的春小麦品种和品系进行了秆锈病抗性田间评价。第一组包括58个已鉴定出Sr基因的品系和春小麦品种——即所谓的诱捕圃（ISRTN——国际秆锈病诱捕圃）。第二组包括来自阿森纳种质库的春小麦品系，这些品系先前已根据一系列经济价值性状进行了选择，带有秆锈病抗性基因，包括从野生谷类物种渗入普通小麦基因组的基因。第三组包括在鄂木斯克国立农业大学穿梭育种计划框架内培育的春小麦品种，其系谱中有含节节麦基因组的人工合成小麦。已确定抗性基因Sr31、Sr40、Sr2复合体在西西伯利亚条件下对秆锈病有效。选择了以下带有有效Sr基因的种质：来自ISRTN诱捕圃的（Benno）/6*LMPG - 6 DK42、Seri 82、Cham 10、Bacanora（Sr31）、RL 6087 Dyck（Sr40）、Amigo（Sr24，1RS - Am）、Siouxland（Sr24，Sr31）、Roughrider（Sr6，Sr36）、Sisson（Sr6，Sr31，Sr36）和Fleming（Sr6，Sr24，Sr36，1RS - Am）、Pavon 76（Sr2复合体）；来自阿森纳种质库的1号BC1F2（96×113）×145×113（Sr2，Sr36，Sr44）、14а F3（96×113）×145（Sr36，Sr44）、19号BC2F3（96×113）×113（Sr2，Sr36，Sr44）和20号F3（96×113）×145（Sr2，Sr36，Sr40，Sr44）；以及鄂木斯克国立农业大学的品种Element 22（Sr31，Sr35）、Lutescens 27 - 12、Lutescens 87 - 12（Sr23，Sr36）、Lutescens 70 - 13和Lutescens 87 - 13（Sr23，Sr31，Sr36）。建议将这些种质纳入该地区培育抗秆锈病品种的育种过程中。
