Genievskaya Yuliya, Pecchioni Nicola, Laidò Giovanni, Anuarbek Shynar, Rsaliyev Aralbek, Chudinov Vladimir, Zatybekov Alibek, Turuspekov Yerlan, Abugalieva Saule
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 22;11(15):1904. doi: 10.3390/plants11151904.
Leaf rust (LR) and stem rust (SR) are diseases increasingly impacting wheat production worldwide. Fungal pathogens producing rust diseases in wheat may cause yield losses of up to 50−60%. One of the most effective methods for preventing such losses is the development of resistant cultivars with high yield potential. This goal can be achieved through complex breeding studies, including the identification of key genetic factors controlling rust disease resistance. The objective of this study was to identify sources of tetraploid wheat resistance to LR and SR races, both at the seedling growth stage in the greenhouse and at the adult plant stage in field experiments, under the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region. A panel consisting of 193 tetraploid wheat accessions was used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with LR and SR resistance, using 16,425 polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the seedling and adult stages of plant development. The investigated panel consisted of seven tetraploid subspecies (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, ssp. turanicum, ssp. turgidum, ssp. polonicum, ssp. carthlicum, ssp. dicoccum, and ssp. dicoccoides). The GWAS, based on the phenotypic evaluation of the tetraploid collection’s reaction to the two rust species at the seedling (in the greenhouse) and adult (in the field) stages, revealed 38 QTLs (p < 0.001), comprising 17 for LR resistance and 21 for SR resistance. Ten QTLs were associated with the reaction to LR at the seedling stage, while six QTLs were at the adult plant stage and one QTL was at both the seedling and adult stages. Eleven QTLs were associated with SR response at the seedling stage, while nine QTLs were at the adult plant stage and one QTL was at both the seedling and adult stages. A comparison of these results with previous LR and SR studies indicated that 11 of the 38 QTLs are presumably novel loci. The QTLs identified in this work can potentially be used for marker-assisted selection of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat for the breeding of new LR- and SR-resistant cultivars.
叶锈病（LR）和秆锈病（SR）是对全球小麦生产影响日益增大的病害。在小麦中引发锈病的真菌病原体可能导致高达50%-60%的产量损失。预防此类损失最有效的方法之一是培育具有高产潜力的抗病品种。这一目标可通过复杂的育种研究来实现，包括识别控制锈病抗性的关键遗传因素。本研究的目的是在哈萨克斯坦北部地区的条件下，在温室的幼苗生长阶段和田间试验的成株阶段，鉴定四倍体小麦对叶锈病和秆锈病生理小种的抗性来源。一个由193份四倍体小麦种质组成的群体被用于全基因组关联研究（GWAS），以鉴定与叶锈病和秆锈病抗性相关的数量性状位点（QTL），在植物发育的幼苗期和成株期使用了16425个多态性单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记。所研究的群体由七个四倍体亚种组成（普通小麦硬粒亚种、图兰小麦亚种、圆锥小麦亚种、波兰小麦亚种、波斯小麦亚种、二粒小麦亚种和野生二粒小麦亚种）。基于四倍体群体在幼苗期（温室）和成株期（田间）对两种锈病生理小种反应的表型评估的GWAS，揭示了38个QTL（p<0.001），其中17个与叶锈病抗性相关，21个与秆锈病抗性相关。10个QTL与幼苗期对叶锈病的反应相关，6个QTL与成株期相关，1个QTL在幼苗期和成株期均相关。11个QTL与幼苗期对秆锈病的反应相关，9个QTL与成株期相关，1个QTL在幼苗期和成株期均相关。将这些结果与之前关于叶锈病和秆锈病的研究进行比较表明，38个QTL中有11个可能是新位点。本研究中鉴定出的QTL可能可用于四倍体和六倍体小麦的标记辅助选择，以培育新的抗叶锈病和秆锈病品种。
