Zatybekov Alibek, Genievskaya Yuliya, Rsaliyev Aralbek, Maulenbay Akerke, Yskakova Gulbahar, Savin Timur, Turuspekov Yerlan, Abugalieva Saule
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 27;11(1):74. doi: 10.3390/plants11010074.
In recent years, leaf rust (LR) and stem rust (SR) have become a serious threat to bread wheat production in Kazakhstan. Most local cultivars are susceptible to these rusts, which has affected their yield and quality. The development of new cultivars with high productivity and LR and SR disease resistance, including using marker-assisted selection, is becoming an important priority in local breeding projects. Therefore, the search for key genetic factors controlling resistance in all plant stages, including the seedling stage, is of great significance. In this work, we applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach using 212 local bread wheat accessions that were phenotyped for resistance to specific races of Eriks. () and f. sp. () at the seedling stages. The collection was genotyped using a 20 K Illumina iSelect SNP assay, and 11,150 polymorphic SNP markers were selected for the association mapping. Using a mixed linear model, we identified 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for five out of six specific races of and . The comparison of the results from this GWAS with those from previously published work showed that nine out of eleven QTLs for LR and SR resistance had been previously reported in a GWAS study at the adult plant stages of wheat growth. Therefore, it was assumed that these nine common identified QTLs were effective for all-stage resistance to LR and SR, and the two other QTLs appear to be novel QTLs. In addition, five out of these nine QTLs that had been identified earlier were found to be associated with yield components, suggesting that they may directly influence the field performance of bread wheat. The identified QTLs, including novel QTLs found in this study, may play an essential role in the breeding process for improving wheat resistance to LR and SR.
近年来，叶锈病（LR）和条锈病（SR）已成为哈萨克斯坦面包小麦生产的严重威胁。大多数当地品种对这些锈病敏感，这影响了它们的产量和品质。培育具有高生产力以及抗叶锈病和条锈病的新品种，包括使用标记辅助选择，正成为当地育种项目的重要优先事项。因此，寻找控制包括幼苗期在内的所有植物阶段抗性的关键遗传因素具有重要意义。在这项工作中，我们采用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）方法，使用了212份当地面包小麦种质，对其在幼苗期对Eriks.（）和f. sp.（）特定小种的抗性进行了表型分析。使用Illumina 20 K iSelect SNP检测对该种质进行基因分型，并选择了11,150个多态性SNP标记进行关联作图。使用混合线性模型，我们为和的六个特定小种中的五个鉴定出了11个数量性状位点（QTL）。将该GWAS的结果与先前发表的工作结果进行比较表明，在小麦生长的成株期GWAS研究中，先前已报道了11个抗叶锈病和条锈病QTL中的9个。因此，假定这9个共同鉴定出的QTL对叶锈病和条锈病的全阶段抗性有效，另外两个QTL似乎是新的QTL。此外，在这9个先前鉴定出的QTL中，有5个被发现与产量构成因素相关，这表明它们可能直接影响面包小麦的田间表现。所鉴定出的QTL，包括本研究中发现的新QTL，可能在提高小麦对叶锈病和条锈病抗性的育种过程中发挥重要作用。
