Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Mar 4;193(4):158. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-08942-1.
The present study aimed to evaluate the sources of pollution and the potential human and ecological risks of hazardous elements (HEs) in 40 hotspot sites of the agricultural soil around the Arvand River, Iran. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg were measured to be 7.2, 0.8, 14.0, 67.9, 69.5, 63.0, 296, and 0.66 (mg kg), respectively. With the exception of Ni, the mean concentrations of all the elements were found to be higher than those in the background. The spatial distribution of HEs in the study area indicated an increasing trend of contamination from the north to the south. Pb, Zn, and Hg were the most enriched elements, resulting in a high pollution load. Moreover, the agricultural soil of the study area was threatened by a very high ecological risk due to the contribution of Hg, Cd, and Pb. Multivariate statistical analyses determined that the pollution sources are specified by the oil refinery emissions and effluents, irrigation with polluted water, fertilizers, dust storms, and airport emissions. The carcinogenic risk of HEs in both adults and children revealed an acceptable level; however, children faced a great chance of non-carcinogenic risk. The results provide a scientific basis for monitoring HEs and managing health risks via effective methods in the agricultural areas of the Arvand River basin.
本研究旨在评估伊朗阿尔万德河（Arvand River）周围 40 个农业土壤热点地区的污染来源和有害元素（HEs）对人类和生态的潜在风险。测量了砷（As）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）和汞（Hg）等 HEs 的平均浓度，分别为 7.2、0.8、14.0、67.9、69.5、63.0、296 和 0.66（mg kg）。除了 Ni 之外，所有元素的平均浓度都高于背景值。研究区域内 HEs 的空间分布表明，污染程度从北到南呈上升趋势。Pb、Zn 和 Hg 是最富集的元素，导致污染负荷很高。此外，由于 Hg、Cd 和 Pb 的贡献，研究区域的农业土壤受到极高的生态风险威胁。多元统计分析确定，污染来源是由炼油厂排放物和废水、受污染水灌溉、肥料、沙尘暴和机场排放物造成的。成人和儿童体内 HEs 的致癌风险处于可接受水平；然而，儿童面临着较大的非致癌风险。研究结果为监测阿尔万德河流域农业区的 HEs 并通过有效方法管理健康风险提供了科学依据。
