Hohenheim Gambling Research Center, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 46, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
J Gambl Stud. 2021 Sep;37(3):795-816. doi: 10.1007/s10899-020-09997-4. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
It is generally assumed that gamblers, and particularly people with gambling problems (PG), are affected by negative perception and stigmatisation. However, a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the perception of gamblers has not yet been carried out. This article therefore summarises empirical evidence on the perception of gamblers and provides directions for future research. A systematic literature review based on the relevant guidelines was carried out searching three databases. The databases Scopus, PubMed and BASE were used to cover social scientific knowledge, medical-psychological knowledge and grey literature. A total of 48 studies from 37 literature references was found. The perspective in these studies varies: Several studies focus on the perception of gamblers by the general population, by subpopulations (e. g. students or social workers), or by gamblers on themselves. The perspective on recreational gamblers is hardly an issue. A strong focus on persons with gambling problems is symptomatic of the gambling discourse. The analysis of the studies shows that gambling problems are thought to be rather concealable, whereas the negative effects on the concerned persons' lives are rated to be quite substantial. PG are described as "irresponsible" and "greedy" while they perceive themselves as "stupid" or "weak". Only few examples of open discrimination are mentioned. Several studies however put emphasis on the stereotypical way in which PG are portrayed in the media, thus contributing to stigmatisation. Knowledge gaps include insights from longitudinal studies, the influence of respondents' age, culture and sex on their views, the relevance of the type of gambling a person is addicted to, and others. Further studies in these fields are needed.
人们普遍认为，赌徒，尤其是有赌博问题的人（PG），会受到负面看法和污名化的影响。然而，尚未对调查赌徒看法的实证研究进行系统综述。因此，本文总结了关于赌徒看法的实证证据，并为未来的研究提供了方向。根据相关指南，进行了系统的文献综述，在三个数据库中进行了搜索。使用 Scopus、PubMed 和 BASE 数据库涵盖社会科学知识、医学心理学知识和灰色文献。从 37 篇文献中找到了 48 项研究。这些研究的视角各不相同：有几项研究侧重于普通大众、特定人群（如学生或社会工作者）或赌徒自身对赌徒的看法。消遣性赌徒的观点几乎不是一个问题。对有赌博问题的人的强烈关注是赌博话语的一个特征。对这些研究的分析表明，人们认为赌博问题相当隐蔽，而这些问题对相关人员生活的负面影响被认为相当大。PG 被描述为“不负责任”和“贪婪”，而他们认为自己“愚蠢”或“软弱”。只有少数公开歧视的例子被提及。然而，有几项研究强调了媒体对 PG 的刻板描绘方式，从而助长了污名化。知识空白包括纵向研究的见解、受访者年龄、文化和性别的影响对他们观点的影响、一个人沉迷的赌博类型的相关性等。这些领域需要进一步研究。
