Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
Sports Biomech. 2024 May;23(5):567-581. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1876755. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Aims of this study were to investigate if changes in elbow and wrist joints loading and biomechanical characteristics of performance existed as a function of (a) different hand placement and (b) fundamental skills development in female gymnastics. Ten female gymnasts performed 54 successful trials of round-off skills (cartwheel [18], round-off [18], round-off to back handspring [18]), with three different hand positions (parallel, T-shape and reverse). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the injury risk factors. Findings of the current study showed that an increase in RO skill difficulty level significantly influences the mechanical load on the upper extremities. With the increase in mechanical load on the upper extremities during the reverse and parallel hand positions, this study suggests that that T-shape hand position should be used as the primary technique for the young female. Differences in vertical velocity from touchdown to take-off between the three hand positions for the RO and RO-BH suggested that the reverse position was less effective for young female gymnasts. The findings of the current study demonstrated no clear performance benefits between hand position selection.
本研究旨在探讨女性体操运动员在（a）不同手位和（b）基本技能发展的情况下，肘关节和腕关节负荷以及运动生物力学特征是否发生变化。10 名女性体操运动员成功完成了 54 次侧手翻（手翻[18]、侧手翻[18]、侧手翻至后手翻[18]），采用了三种不同的手位（平行、T 型和反向）。对每个试验都收集了运动学和动力学数据。采用双向重复测量方差分析来分析损伤风险因素。本研究结果表明，RO 技能难度水平的增加显著影响上肢的机械负荷。随着反向和平行手位上肢机械负荷的增加，本研究建议 T 型手位应作为年轻女性的主要技术。在 RO 和 RO-BH 三个手位的垂直速度从触地到离地之间存在差异，这表明反向位置对年轻女性体操运动员的效果较差。本研究结果表明，在手位选择方面没有明显的性能优势。
