Azeem Muhammad, Ali Amjad, Arockiam Jeyasundar Parimala Gnana Soundari, Li Yiman, Abdelrahman Hamada, Latif Abdul, Li Ronghua, Basta Nicholas, Li Gang, Shaheen Sabry M, Rinklebe Jörg, Zhang Zenqqiang
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observatory and Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315830, People's Republic of China.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 May 15;277:116800. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116800. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Reusing by-products such as cow bones in agriculture can be achieved thorough pyrolysis. The potential of bone-derived biochar as a promising material for metals immobilization in contaminated mining soils has not yet been sufficiently explored. Therefore, cow bones were used as biochar feedstock were pyrolyzed at 500 °C (CBL) and 800 °C (CBH) and. The two biochars were applied to a mine contaminated soil at 0 (control), 2.5, 5 and 10%, w/w, dosages; then, the soils were incubated and cultivated by maize in the greenhouse. Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability and their sequentially extracted fractions (acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fraction), soil microbial function, and plant health attributes were analyzed after maize harvesting. Bone-derived biochar enhanced the content of dissolved organic carbon (up to 74%), total nitrogen (up to 26%), and total phosphorus (up to 27%) in the soil and improved the plant growth up to 55%, as compared to the control. The addition of CBL altered the acid soluble fraction of both metals to the residual fraction and, thus, reduced the content of Zn (55 and 40%) and Cd (57 and 67%) in the maize roots and shoots, respectively as compared to the control. The CBL enhanced the β-glucosidase (51%) and alkaline phosphatase activities (71%) at the lower doses (2.5-5%) as compared to control, while the activities of these enzymes decreased with the higher application doses. Also, CBL improved the antioxidants activity and maize growth at the 2.5-5% application rate. However, the activity of the dehydrogenase significantly decreased (77%), particularly with CBH. We conclude that CBL, applied at 2.5-5% dose, can be utilized as a potential low cost and environmental friendly amendment for stabilization of toxic metals in contaminated mining soils and producing food/feed/biofuel crops with lower metal content.
通过热解可以实现农业中牛骨等副产品的再利用。骨衍生生物炭作为一种有前景的材料用于污染矿区土壤中金属固定的潜力尚未得到充分探索。因此，将牛骨用作生物炭原料，在500℃（CBL）和800℃（CBH）下进行热解。将这两种生物炭以0（对照）、2.5%、5%和10%（w/w）的剂量施用于矿山污染土壤；然后，在温室中对土壤进行培养并种植玉米。在玉米收获后，分析了镉（Cd）和锌（Zn）的生物有效性及其顺序提取组分（酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态）、土壤微生物功能和植物健康属性。与对照相比，骨衍生生物炭提高了土壤中溶解有机碳含量（高达74%）、总氮含量（高达26%）和总磷含量（高达27%），并使植物生长提高了55%。添加CBL将两种金属的酸溶态组分转变为残渣态，因此，与对照相比，玉米根和茎中Zn含量分别降低了55%和40%，Cd含量分别降低了57%和67%。与对照相比，较低剂量（2.5 - 5%）的CBL提高了β - 葡萄糖苷酶活性（51%）和碱性磷酸酶活性（71%），而这些酶的活性随着施用剂量的增加而降低。此外，在2.5 - 5%的施用率下，CBL提高了抗氧化剂活性和玉米生长。然而，脱氢酶活性显著降低（77%），尤其是CBH处理。我们得出结论，以2.5 - 5%的剂量施用CBL，可作为一种潜在的低成本且环境友好的改良剂，用于稳定污染矿区土壤中的有毒金属，并生产金属含量较低的粮食/饲料/生物燃料作物。
