Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Helios Clinic Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany.
J Psychopharmacol. 2021 Apr;35(4):421-436. doi: 10.1177/0269881121991554. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Kambô is a name for the secretion of the Giant Maki Frog (), which has been used by indigenous cultures from the Amazonas basin and has recently become popular in alternative healing circles in Western countries, with a certain overlap with psychedelic self-exploration.
We carried out an online-based survey in English (54.92%) and German investigating motivations for using Kambô, settings in which rituals take place, and subjective experiences during and after the application.
Participants ( = 386, mean age: 38.08 years, (standard deviation = 9.95)) were well-educated individuals with an increased lifetime prevalence of the use of ayahuasca (67.88%). A plethora of motivations for using Kambô was reported, including general healing, detoxification and spiritual growth. Acute effects included severe physical reactions and mild psychoactive effects, most surprisingly, the feeling of being connected to the frog's spirit (41.97%), whereas predominantly positive persisting psychological effects were reported. Few participants reported long-lasting physical (2.85%) or mental (1.81%) health problems which they attributed to Kambô. Of the participants, 87.31% reported an increase in personal well-being or life satisfaction, and 64.26% considered Kambô to have been at least of 'very much' spiritual significance for their lives.
The majority of users claimed beneficial effects including more health-orientated behaviors, whereas only very few participants complained about new health problems which they ascribed to Kambô. In retrospect, Kambô was given a high personal and spiritual significance by many participants. Additional research is needed to determine in how far reported effects are modulated by setting and subjective expectations.
背景/目的：Kambô 是对巨树蛙（）分泌物的称呼，这种分泌物已被亚马逊盆地的土著文化使用，最近在西方国家的替代疗法圈中流行起来，与迷幻自我探索有一定的重叠。
我们以英语（54.92%）和德语进行了一项在线调查，调查了使用 Kambô 的动机、仪式进行的环境以及使用过程中和使用后的主观体验。
参与者（ = 386，平均年龄：38.08 岁，（标准差 = 9.95））是受过良好教育的个体，一生中使用 ayahuasca 的比例较高（67.88%）。报告了大量使用 Kambô 的动机，包括一般的治疗、排毒和精神成长。急性影响包括严重的身体反应和轻微的精神活性作用，最令人惊讶的是，感觉到与青蛙的精神联系（41.97%），而报告的主要是积极的持久的心理影响。少数参与者报告了长期的身体（2.85%）或精神（1.81%）健康问题，他们将这些问题归因于 Kambô。在参与者中，87.31%的人报告个人幸福感或生活满意度提高，64.26%的人认为 Kambô 对他们的生活至少具有“非常重要”的精神意义。
大多数使用者声称有有益的效果，包括更健康的行为，而只有极少数参与者抱怨他们归因于 Kambô 的新健康问题。回想起来，许多参与者给予 Kambô 很高的个人和精神意义。需要进一步研究以确定报告的影响在多大程度上受到环境和主观期望的调节。
