China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Center for Human Movement Science, Division of Physical Therapy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2024 May;23(5):624-639. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1880619. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of thrower-discus system rotation on performance in discus throwing. The resultant angular momentum of the thrower-discus system and direction cosines of the angular momentum vector were calculated from kinematic data at five critical instants of discus throwing for 28 female and 15 male elite discus throwers, and compared between their long and short trials in actual competition. Compared to short trials, elite female throwers' long trials had significantly less angular momentum at right foot takeoff and left foot takeoff (P ≤ 0.023), and significantly less top-to-left rotation at right foot takeoff, left foot takeoff, left foot touchdown, and release (P ≤ 0.007), and significantly greater right-to-left rotation at left foot touchdown and release (P ≤ 0.009) in long trials. Compared to their short trials, elite male throwers had significantly less top-to-left and top-to-front rotations at left foot touchdown (P ≤ 0.042), and significantly less total angular momentum at release (P = 0.043) in long trials. Elite discus throwers should control the amount of rotations of the thrower-discus system to reduce the top-to-left roll of the discus during the flight to extend the aerodynamic distance.
本研究旨在确定投手-铁饼系统旋转对铁饼投掷成绩的影响。从 28 名女性和 15 名男性精英铁饼运动员铁饼投掷的五个关键瞬间的运动学数据中计算出投手-铁饼系统的角动量和角动量矢量的方向余弦，并将其与实际比赛中的长试和短试进行比较。与短试相比，优秀女运动员的长试右脚起飞和左脚起飞时的角动量明显减少（P≤0.023），右脚起飞、左脚起飞、左脚触地和释放时的顶部到左侧旋转明显减少（P≤0.007），右脚触地和释放时的右侧到左侧旋转明显增加（P≤0.009）。与短试相比，优秀男运动员的左脚触地时的顶部到左侧和顶部到前侧旋转明显减少（P≤0.042），释放时的总角动量明显减少（P=0.043）。优秀的铁饼运动员应该控制投手-铁饼系统的旋转量，以减少铁饼在飞行过程中的顶部到左侧滚动，从而延长空气动力距离。
