Dittami Simon M, Arboleda Enrique, Auguet Jean-Christophe, Bigalke Arite, Briand Enora, Cárdenas Paco, Cardini Ulisse, Decelle Johan, Engelen Aschwin H, Eveillard Damien, Gachon Claire M M, Griffiths Sarah M, Harder Tilmann, Kayal Ehsan, Kazamia Elena, Lallier François H, Medina Mónica, Marzinelli Ezequiel M, Morganti Teresa Maria, Núñez Pons Laura, Prado Soizic, Pintado José, Saha Mahasweta, Selosse Marc-André, Skillings Derek, Stock Willem, Sunagawa Shinichi, Toulza Eve, Vorobev Alexey, Leblanc Catherine, Not Fabrice
Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France.
FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France.
PeerJ. 2021 Feb 25;9:e10911. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10911. eCollection 2021.
Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. However, we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota with which it interacts, form a holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances, e.g., the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. Here we propose that one significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This first step is crucial to decipher the main drivers of the dynamics and evolution of holobionts and to account for the holobiont concept in applied areas, such as the conservation, management, and exploitation of marine ecosystems and resources, where practical solutions to predict and mitigate the impact of human activities are more important than ever.
宿主-微生物相互作用在海洋生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。然而，我们对支配这些关系的机制、塑造它们的进化过程及其生态后果仍然知之甚少。全生物概念是生物学中一种新的范式，有助于描述和理解这些复杂系统。它假定宿主及其相互作用的相关微生物群形成一个全生物，必须作为一个连贯的生物学和功能单位一起研究，以了解其生物学、生态学和进化。在这里，我们讨论海洋全生物研究中的关键概念和机遇，并确定该领域的主要挑战。我们强调全生物概念在海洋生物学、进化科学和环境科学中的潜在经济、社会学和环境影响。鉴于海洋生态系统特有的连通性和未被探索的生物多样性，对这类复杂系统的更深入理解需要进一步的技术和概念进步，例如为所有主要谱系的全生物开发受控实验模型系统，以及对生物体之间（信息）化学介导的相互作用进行建模。在这里，我们提出一个重大挑战是在可处理的模型系统上开展跨学科研究，以解决关键的生态和进化问题。这第一步对于解读全生物动态和进化的主要驱动因素以及在应用领域（如海洋生态系统和资源的保护、管理和开发）中考虑全生物概念至关重要，在这些领域中，预测和减轻人类活动影响的实际解决方案比以往任何时候都更加重要。
