Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Cell Res. 2020 Jun;30(6):492-506. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7. Epub 2020 May 20.
The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects of the current knowledge, challenges and limitations in achieving causal understanding of host immune-microbiome interactions, as well as their impact on immune-mediated diseases, and discuss how these insights may translate towards future development of microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.
共生微生物群与哺乳动物免疫系统的发育和功能之间的相互作用包括在稳态和疾病中的多种相互作用。微生物组在宿主固有和适应性免疫系统的主要成分的训练和发育中发挥关键作用，而免疫系统则协调宿主-微生物共生的关键特征的维持。在遗传上易感的宿主中，在特定环境背景下微生物群-免疫相互作用的失衡被认为有助于多种免疫介导的疾病的发病机制。在这里，我们回顾了微生物群-免疫相互作用的特征及其在健康和疾病中的作用，同时提供了在肠道和肠外器官中协调这些相互作用的分子机制的实例。我们强调了目前在宿主免疫-微生物群相互作用方面实现因果理解方面的知识、挑战和局限性的各个方面，以及它们对免疫介导的疾病的影响，并讨论了这些见解如何转化为针对微生物组的治疗干预措施的未来发展。
