Rudolf Steiner Waldorf School, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Jul 1;17(7):1371-1377. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9196.
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the population of affected areas in multiple dimensions. Adolescents have been especially affected with school closure and home confinement. The impact of the pandemic on sleep habits and quality of sleep and quality of life among adolescents has not been adequately characterized. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic has induced an evening shift of the daily rhythm among adolescents and adversely affected sleep quality and quality of life of high school students.
Students were questioned about their usual bed and wake-up times and answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Horne-Osteberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-abbreviated version before and during the pandemic.
Ninety-four students (64% females, aged 15 ± 1 years) participated in both phases of the study. Students delayed bed and wake-up times by 1.5 (0.5-2.0) and 2.0 (1.5-2.5) hours, respectively. Chronotype (per the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) shifted toward eveningness during the pandemic. Sleep duration increased and quality of sleep (per the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) improved only among those students with shorter sleep duration before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the physical and psychological domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire worsened but the environmental domain improved as compared with the study before the pandemic.
High school students have delayed bed and wake-up times and shifted chronotype toward eveningness during the COVID-19 pandemic. The worsening of the physical and psychological World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire domains and improvement in the environmental domain highlight the conflicting experiences that high school students are facing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 大流行从多个方面给受影响地区的人群带来了挑战。青少年受到的影响尤其严重，学校关闭，居家隔离。大流行对青少年睡眠习惯、睡眠质量和生活质量的影响尚未得到充分描述。我们假设 COVID-19 大流行导致青少年的日常节律推迟到晚上，并对高中生的睡眠质量和生活质量产生不利影响。
在大流行前后，学生被询问他们通常的上床和起床时间，并回答匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷、埃普沃斯嗜睡量表、霍恩-奥斯特伯格晨型-晚型问卷和世界卫生组织生活质量量表简表。
94 名学生（64%为女性，年龄 15±1 岁）参加了研究的两个阶段。学生的上床和起床时间分别推迟了 1.5（0.5-2.0）和 2.0（1.5-2.5）小时。昼夜类型（根据晨型-晚型问卷）在大流行期间向晚型转变。只有在大流行前睡眠持续时间较短的学生，睡眠持续时间增加，睡眠质量（根据匹兹堡睡眠质量指数）改善。在大流行期间，与大流行前相比，世界卫生组织生活质量量表的身体和心理领域恶化，但环境领域改善。
高中生在 COVID-19 大流行期间推迟了上床和起床时间，并向晚型昼夜类型转变。身体和心理世界卫生组织生活质量量表领域的恶化以及环境领域的改善突出了高中生在 COVID-19 大流行期间所面临的矛盾体验。
