Jongte Lalremruati, Trivedi Amit Kumar
Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Mar;39(3):398-408. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2002350. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Sleep is an essential component of the daily cycle. Age and puberty-related declines in sleep duration, delays in chronotype, and an increase in social jet lag have been consistently reported. This study examined chronotype and gender-based differences in adolescents' sleep quality, depression level, and academic achievements. Eight hundred fifteen school students (372 male and 443 female) aged 14 to 20 years voluntarily participated in this study. Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to measure their chronotype. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were assessed by the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Pittsburghs Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep habits. Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) was used to measure the sleep pattern of the students. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to assess the level of depression for the students. Our results show neither type of students dominated the population studied but interestingly, in comparison to evening type, morning type individuals were higher among the population. Chronotype-based sleep quality and academic performances were observed, and higher depression levels, poor sleep quality, poor academic performances were observed in evening type compared to neither type and morning type. In contrast to males, females had a poor sleep pattern (CASQ) and a higher depression level (SDS). Altogether, our study shows the effect of chronotype and gender on sleep quality and depression levels among school students.
睡眠是日常周期的重要组成部分。一直有报告称，随着年龄增长以及进入青春期，睡眠时间会减少，生物钟类型会延迟，社会时差也会增加。本研究调查了青少年在睡眠质量、抑郁水平和学业成绩方面基于生物钟类型和性别的差异。815名年龄在14至20岁的在校学生（372名男性和443名女性）自愿参与了本研究。使用霍恩和奥斯特伯格晨型-夜型问卷（MEQ）来测量他们的生物钟类型。通过儿童日间嗜睡量表（PDSS）和爱泼华嗜睡量表（ESS）评估睡眠时间、睡眠质量和日间嗜睡情况。匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）用于评估睡眠习惯。克利夫兰青少年嗜睡问卷（CASQ）用于测量学生的睡眠模式。使用zung自评抑郁量表（SDS）来评估学生的抑郁水平。我们的结果显示，在所研究的人群中，两种类型的学生都不占主导，但有趣的是，与夜型相比，晨型个体在人群中比例更高。观察到了基于生物钟类型的睡眠质量和学业表现，与非晨非夜型和晨型相比，夜型的抑郁水平更高、睡眠质量更差、学业表现更差。与男性相比，女性的睡眠模式（CASQ）较差，抑郁水平（SDS）较高。总之，我们的研究显示了生物钟类型和性别对在校学生睡眠质量和抑郁水平的影响。
