National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 May;162:110-123. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.023. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Salt stress limits plant growth and productivity by severely impacting the fundamental physiological processes. Silicon (Si) supplementation is considered one of the promising methods to improve plant resilience under salt stress. Here, the role of Si in modulating physiological and biochemical processes that get adversely affected by high salinity, is discussed. Although numerous reports show the beneficial effects of Si under stress, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this is not well understood. Questions like whether all plants are equally benefitted with Si supplementation despite having varying Si uptake capability and salinity tolerance are still elusive. This review illustrates the Si uptake and accumulation mechanism to understand the direct or indirect participation of Si in different physiological processes. Evaluation of plant responses at transcriptomics and proteomics levels are promising in understanding the role of Si. Integration of physiological understanding with omics scale information highlighted Si supplementation affecting the phytohormonal and antioxidant responses under salinity as a key factor defining improved resilience. Similarly, the crosstalk of Si with lignin and phenolic content under salt stress also seems to be an important phenomenon helping plants to reduce the stress. The present review also addressed various crucial mechanisms by which Si application alleviates salt stress, such as a decrease in oxidative damage, decreased lipid peroxidation, improved photosynthetic ability, and ion homeostasis. Besides, the application and challenges of using Si-nanoparticles have also been addressed. Comprehensive information and discussion provided here will be helpful to better understand the role of Si under salt stress.
盐胁迫通过严重影响基本生理过程来限制植物的生长和生产力。硅（Si）的补充被认为是提高植物耐盐性的有前途的方法之一。本文讨论了 Si 在调节受高盐度不利影响的生理和生化过程中的作用。尽管有大量报道表明 Si 在胁迫下具有有益的作用，但对于这种作用的精确分子机制尚不完全清楚。一些问题仍然存在，例如尽管植物的 Si 吸收能力和耐盐性不同，但所有植物是否都能同样受益于 Si 的补充。本综述说明了 Si 的吸收和积累机制，以了解 Si 在不同生理过程中的直接或间接参与。在转录组学和蛋白质组学水平上评估植物的反应有望了解 Si 的作用。将生理学理解与组学规模的信息相结合，突出了 Si 补充在盐胁迫下影响植物激素和抗氧化剂反应作为定义增强耐受力的关键因素。同样，Si 与木质素和酚类物质在盐胁迫下的相互作用也似乎是一个重要现象，有助于植物减轻胁迫。本文还讨论了 Si 应用缓解盐胁迫的各种关键机制，例如减少氧化损伤、降低脂质过氧化、提高光合作用能力和离子稳态。此外，还讨论了 Si 纳米粒子的应用和挑战。这里提供的综合信息和讨论将有助于更好地理解 Si 在盐胁迫下的作用。
