Li Fei, Hou Yuxi, Chen Lu, Qiu Yimin
National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, China.
College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
Adv Biotechnol (Singap). 2025 Apr 28;3(2):14. doi: 10.1007/s44307-025-00067-7.
Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary force in modern agriculture, opening new avenues for crop enhancement and sustainable farming practices. This review systematically evaluates the roles of silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs) in agricultural applications, with particular emphasis on their biosynthesis pathways and functional mechanisms. SiO NPs have demonstrated considerable potential to enhance crop resilience against both biotic (pathogens, pests) and abiotic (heavy metals, salinity, drought) stresses through phytohormonal regulation, defense gene activation, and metabolic modulation. As nanocarriers, these particles enhance pesticide and fertilizer delivery accuracy, reduce environmental contamination, and promote plant growth. Biosynthesis methods of SiO NPs range from conventional physical-chemical techniques to eco-friendly green approaches, including the utilization of biological cells/extracts, natural biomaterials, and peptide templates. Although green synthesis offers sustainability advantages, the agricultural adoption of SiO NPs faces critical challenges, such as insufficient understanding of their long-term environmental persistence and ecotoxicological impacts, high production costs related to green synthesis, and incomplete regulatory frameworks. Addressing these challenges is essential to enable their broader use in agriculture.
纳米技术已成为现代农业中的一股变革力量，为作物改良和可持续农业实践开辟了新途径。本文系统评估了二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiO NPs）在农业应用中的作用，特别强调了其生物合成途径和作用机制。SiO NPs已显示出通过植物激素调节、防御基因激活和代谢调节来增强作物对生物（病原体、害虫）和非生物（重金属、盐度、干旱）胁迫的抵御能力的巨大潜力。作为纳米载体，这些颗粒提高了农药和肥料的递送准确性，减少了环境污染，并促进了植物生长。SiO NPs的生物合成方法从传统的物理化学技术到生态友好的绿色方法不等，包括利用生物细胞/提取物、天然生物材料和肽模板。尽管绿色合成具有可持续性优势，但SiO NPs在农业中的应用面临着关键挑战，例如对其长期环境持久性和生态毒理学影响的了解不足、与绿色合成相关的高生产成本以及不完整的监管框架。应对这些挑战对于使其在农业中更广泛地应用至关重要。
