Rehder-Santos Patricia, Abreu Raphael M, Signini Étore De F, da Silva Claudio D, Sakaguchi Camila A, Dato Carla C, Catai Aparecida M
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Aug 1;16(8):1111–1119. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0189. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) produced outstanding results in the physical performance of active subjects; however, little is known about the best training intensity for this population. The objective was to investigate the impact of an IMT of high intensity, using the critical inspiratory pressure (CIP), on inspiratory muscle strength (IMS), inspiratory muscle endurance (IME), peak power, and oxygen uptake of recreational cyclists; and to compare these results with moderate-intensity IMT (60% of maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]).
Thirty apparently healthy male recreational cyclists, 20-40 years old, underwent 11 weeks of IMT (3 times per week; 55 min per session). Participants were randomized into 3 groups: sham group (6 cmH2O; n = 8); 60% MIP (MIP60; n = 10) and CIP (n = 12). All participants performed the IMS test and incremental IME test at the first, fifth, ninth, and 13th weeks of the experimental protocol. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on an electromagnetic braking cycle ergometer pre-IMT and post-IMT. Data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (group and period factors).
IMS increased in CIP and MIP60 groups at the ninth and 13th weeks compared with the sham group (P < .001; β = 0.99). Regarding IME, there was an interaction between the CIP and MIP60 groups in all periods, except in the initial evaluation (P < .001; β = 1.00). Peak power (in watts) increased after IMT in CIP and MIP60 groups (P = .01; β = 0.67). Absolute oxygen uptake did not increase after IMT (P = .49; β = 0.05). Relative oxygen uptake to lean mass values did not change significantly (P = .48; β = 0.05).
High-intensity IMT is beneficial on IMS, IME, and peak power, but does not provide additional gain to moderate intensity in recreational cyclists.
吸气肌训练（IMT）在活跃人群的体能表现方面产生了显著效果；然而，对于该人群的最佳训练强度却知之甚少。目的是研究使用临界吸气压力（CIP）进行高强度IMT对休闲自行车运动员吸气肌力量（IMS）、吸气肌耐力（IME）、峰值功率和摄氧量的影响；并将这些结果与中等强度IMT（最大吸气压力[MIP]的60%）进行比较。
30名年龄在20至40岁之间、看似健康的男性休闲自行车运动员接受了11周的IMT（每周3次；每次55分钟）。参与者被随机分为3组：假手术组（6厘米水柱；n = 8）；60% MIP组（MIP60；n = 10）和CIP组（n = 12）。所有参与者在实验方案的第1、5、9和13周进行了IMS测试和递增IME测试。在IMT前和IMT后，在电磁制动功率自行车上进行心肺运动测试。数据采用双向重复测量方差分析（组和时期因素）进行分析。
与假手术组相比，CIP组和MIP60组在第9周和第13周时IMS增加（P <.001；β = 0.99）。关于IME，除初始评估外，CIP组和MIP60组在所有时期均存在交互作用（P <.001；β = 1.00）。CIP组和MIP60组在IMT后峰值功率（以瓦特为单位）增加（P =.01；β = 0.67）。IMT后绝对摄氧量未增加（P =.49；β = 0.05）。相对于瘦体重值的相对摄氧量没有显著变化（P =.48；β = 0.05）。
高强度IMT对IMS、IME和峰值功率有益，但在休闲自行车运动员中，与中等强度相比并没有额外的提升。
