The Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Their Clinical Forms, and Microbiological Agents in Intensive Care Units in Southern Poland in a Multicentre Study from 2016 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious problem of modern medicine. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) develop HAI significantly more often than patients in other hospital units.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Analysis involved HAIs from three ICUs in southern Poland. The study was conducted in 2016-2019 on the basis of methodology recommended by the Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The objective was to analyse HAIs, their clinical forms, and microbiological agents.

RESULTS

The study included 3028 patients hospitalized for 26,558 person-days (pds) in ICU. A total of 540 HAIs were detected; incidence per 100 hospitalizations was 17.8%, incidence density per 1000 pds was 20.3. The mortality of patients with HAI was 16%, and in infection (CDI), the mortality was 28%. The most common clinical form of HAI was bloodstream infection (BSI): 209 cases (incidence rate 6.9%), followed by pneumonia (PN): 131 (incidence rate 4.3%), and urinary tract infection (UTI): 110 cases (incidence rate 3.6%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were 16.4%, 14.4%, 11.8%, and 11.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

A two-fold higher incidence rate of BSI was detected compared to the average incidence in European countries. BSI of unknown source (BSI-UNK) was predominant. and bacteria were the most often isolated microorganisms causing HAI. Infection control based on incidence rate for each type of infection is necessary in ICU to assess the epidemiological situation.