Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 24;13(3):721. doi: 10.3390/nu13030721.
Nutritional epidemiology studies on Roma people are scarce and, to date, their nutrient-based dietary patterns with regards to both healthy and sustainable dietary considerations have never been reported. We report, for the first time, adherence to healthy and sustainable dietary patterns using scoring and regression models, based on recommendations defined by the World Health Organization, in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study and the EAT-Lancet report, as well as dietary quality based on Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) among the Hungarian Roma (HR) population living in North East Hungary, with Hungarian general (HG) adults as reference. Data were obtained from a complex, comparative health survey involving dietary assessment, structured questionnaire-based interview, physical and laboratory examinations on 359 HG and 344 HR subjects in Northeast Hungary. Poisson regressions were fit to models that included DASH, EAT, DII and Healthy Diet Indicator as dependent variables to assess the influence of ethnicity on healthy and sustainable nutrient-based patterns. Adjusted models controlled for all relevant covariates using the residual method indicated poor dietary quality with regards to the selected dietary patterns. These associations were not ethnicity-sensitive, except for DII, where Roma ethnicity was linked to a decrease of DII score (β = -0.455, 95%CI: -0.720; -0.191, < 0.05). Currently, HR dietary patterns appear to be relatively unhealthy and unsustainable, rendering them vulnerable to elevated risk of ill-health. Nevertheless, their dietary patterns did not strongly differ from HG, which may contribute to Hungarians being one of the most obese and malnourished nations in Europe. Further prospective research on the potential public and environmental health effects of these findings is warranted.
罗姆人（Roma people）的营养流行病学研究很少，迄今为止，从未有过关于其基于营养的饮食模式与健康和可持续饮食考虑因素的报告。我们首次根据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）的建议，使用评分和回归模型，报告了匈牙利东北部生活的匈牙利罗姆人（Roma people）（HR）群体对健康和可持续饮食模式的依从性，这些模型基于膳食方法来停止高血压（DASH）研究和 EAT-柳叶刀报告中的建议，以及基于饮食炎症指数（DII）的饮食质量。这些数据来自于一项复杂的、比较性健康调查，该调查涉及饮食评估、基于结构化问卷的访谈、对 359 名 HG 和 344 名 HR 受试者的身体和实验室检查。泊松回归被拟合到包含 DASH、EAT、DII 和健康饮食指标作为因变量的模型中，以评估族裔对健康和可持续营养模式的影响。调整后的模型使用残差法控制了所有相关协变量，表明饮食质量较差，与所选饮食模式有关。这些关联不受族裔影响，除了 DII，其中罗姆族裔与 DII 评分降低有关（β=-0.455，95%CI：-0.720；-0.191， < 0.05）。目前，HR 的饮食模式似乎相对不健康且不可持续，使他们容易受到健康风险的影响。然而，他们的饮食模式与 HG 没有很大的不同，这可能是导致匈牙利成为欧洲最肥胖和营养不良的国家之一的原因之一。需要进一步进行前瞻性研究，以评估这些发现对公共和环境健康的潜在影响。
