Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 21;12:1438018. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1438018. eCollection 2024.
The Roma minority, Europe's largest ethnic minority, experiences significant disparities in living conditions and health outcomes compared to the non-Roma populations across the continent. Despite extensive documentation of the socio-economic challenges faced by the Roma, there is a notable lack of comparative research.
This study aims to fill this gap by examining the differences in socio-economic characteristics, living conditions, and self-reported health status between Roma (R) and non-Roma (nR) women in in Hungary (HU), Romania (RO), and Slovakia (SK), providing a cross-country comparative analysis. Utilizing simple and multiple binary logistic models, our research analysed data collected from September 2020 to March 2022, involving 322 Roma and 294 non-Roma women in Hungary, 258 Roma and 183 non-Roma women in Romania, and 146 Roma and 163 non-Roma women in Slovakia.
Findings indicate significant associations between increased age (R:OR = 1.04[1.02,1.06], < 0.001), (nR:OR = 1.04[1.02,1.05], < 0.001) lower financial situation (R:OR = 2.05[1.01,4.18], = 0.048) (nR:OR = 1.67[1.01,2.77], = 0.047), and basic education level (R:OR = 3.60[1.29,10.08], = 0.015) (nR:OR = 3.64[1.77,7.51], < 0.001) with the likelihood of poor health status across both groups in Hungary. In Romania, increased age (OR = 1.04[1.02,1.06], < 0.001) and basic education level (OR = 5.24[2.29,11.99], < 0.001) were particularly predictive of poor health among non-Roma, while in Slovakia, age (OR = 1.05[1.02,1.07], < 0.001) was a significant factor for Roma, and intermediate education level (OR = 2.68[1.16,6.20], = 0.021) was for non-Roma. The study also found that a higher number of children (HU:OR = 1.35[1.12,1.63], = 0.002), (RO:OR = 1.57[1.25,1.96], < 0.001) and problems with housing comfort (RO:OR = 4.83[2.19,10.62], = 0.015) and wall conditions (RO:OR = 2.81[1.22,6.46], < 0.001) significantly impacted the health status of non-Roma women in Hungary and Romania. Conversely, an increase in household size was associated with a better health status among Roma women in Hungary (OR = 0.88[0.79,0.99]) and Slovakia (OR = 0.78[0.61,0.99]).
By offering a novel comparative analysis, this study highlights the critical need for focused attention on the health disparities faced by Roma women, particularly those in a multiply disadvantaged situation due to their ethnic and socio-economic status.
罗姆人是欧洲最大的少数民族，与欧洲大陆的非罗姆人相比，他们在生活条件和健康结果方面存在显著差异。尽管有大量关于罗姆人所面临的社会经济挑战的文献记载，但缺乏比较性研究。
本研究旨在通过比较匈牙利（HU）、罗马尼亚（RO）和斯洛伐克（SK）的罗姆（R）和非罗姆（nR）女性在社会经济特征、生活条件和自我报告的健康状况方面的差异，填补这一空白，提供跨国比较分析。本研究利用简单和多元二项逻辑模型，分析了 2020 年 9 月至 2022 年 3 月期间收集的数据，涉及 322 名罗姆女性和 294 名非罗姆女性在匈牙利，258 名罗姆女性和 183 名非罗姆女性在罗马尼亚，以及 146 名罗姆女性和 163 名非罗姆女性在斯洛伐克。
研究结果表明，年龄增长（R：OR=1.04[1.02,1.06]，<0.001）、财务状况较差（R：OR=2.05[1.01,4.18]，=0.048）（nR：OR=1.67[1.01,2.77]，=0.047）和基础教育水平（R：OR=3.60[1.29,10.08]，=0.015）（nR：OR=3.64[1.77,7.51]，<0.001）与匈牙利的罗姆女性和非罗姆女性健康状况较差之间存在显著关联。在罗马尼亚，年龄增长（OR=1.04[1.02,1.06]，<0.001）和基础教育水平（OR=5.24[2.29,11.99]，<0.001）与非罗姆女性的健康状况较差之间存在显著关联，而在斯洛伐克，年龄增长（OR=1.05[1.02,1.07]，<0.001）是罗姆女性的一个重要因素，中等教育水平（OR=2.68[1.16,6.20]，=0.021）是非罗姆女性的一个重要因素。研究还发现，子女数量较多（HU：OR=1.35[1.12,1.63]，=0.002）、住房舒适度问题（RO：OR=1.57[1.25,1.96]，<0.001）和墙壁状况问题（RO：OR=4.83[2.19,10.62]，=0.015）与非罗姆女性的健康状况显著相关。相比之下，家庭规模的增加与匈牙利（OR=0.88[0.79,0.99]）和斯洛伐克（OR=0.78[0.61,0.99]）罗姆女性的健康状况改善有关。
通过提供新颖的比较分析，本研究强调了关注罗姆女性健康差异的迫切需要，特别是那些由于种族和社会经济地位而处于多重不利地位的罗姆女性。
