State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 13;22(4):1873. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041873.
Melanoma, as a tumor cell derived from melanocyte transformation, has the characteristics of malignant proliferation, high metastasis, rapid recurrence, and a low survival rate. Traditional therapy has many shortcomings, including drug side effects and poor patient compliance, and so on. Therefore, the development of an effective treatment is necessary. Currently, nanotechnologies are a promising oncology treatment strategy because of their ability to effectively deliver drugs and other bioactive molecules to targeted tissues with low toxicity, thereby improving the clinical efficacy of cancer therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of melanoma is reviewed and discussed. First, the pathogenesis and molecular targets of melanoma are elucidated, and the current clinical treatment strategies and deficiencies of melanoma are then introduced. Following this, we discuss the main features of developing efficient nanosystems and introduce the latest reports in the literature on nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma. Subsequently, we review and discuss the application of nanoparticles in chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy, mRNA vaccines, and photothermal therapy, as well as the potential of nanotechnology in the early diagnosis of melanoma.
黑色素瘤是一种来源于黑素细胞转化的肿瘤细胞，具有恶性增殖、高转移、快速复发和低生存率的特点。传统治疗方法存在许多缺点，如药物副作用和患者顺应性差等。因此，需要开发一种有效的治疗方法。目前，纳米技术是一种很有前途的肿瘤治疗策略，因为它能够将药物和其他生物活性分子有效地递送到靶向组织，同时具有低毒性，从而提高癌症治疗的临床疗效。本综述讨论了纳米技术在黑色素瘤治疗中的应用。首先，阐述了黑色素瘤的发病机制和分子靶点，然后介绍了黑色素瘤的当前临床治疗策略和不足之处。接下来，我们讨论了开发高效纳米系统的主要特点，并介绍了文献中关于用于治疗黑色素瘤的纳米颗粒的最新报告。随后，我们综述和讨论了纳米颗粒在化疗药物、免疫疗法、mRNA 疫苗和光热疗法中的应用，以及纳米技术在黑色素瘤早期诊断中的潜力。
