Center for Health and Medical Communication, School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 25;18(5):2254. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052254.
A growing body of work has been devoted to studying the smartphone addiction in youths and its impact on their lives, but less is known about the predictors and effects of youth habitual use of smartphones. Guided by social cognitive theory, this study investigates how habitual smartphone use affects sleep quality and everyday memory based on a nationally representative sample of Chinese students ( = 2298). It uses a cluster-randomized sampling with stratification of different areas, consisting of both urban and rural students aged 6-18 years from elementary, middle, and high schools across China. It found that Chinese students exhibited a habitual smartphone use, who were generally confident in using mobile devices, but few had smartphone addiction. Significant gender and age differences were identified concerning the habitual use of smartphone. Specifically, boys demonstrated higher levels of habitual use and smartphone self-efficacy than the girls. High school students showed the highest level of habitual smartphone use compared to those in elementary and middle schools. Smartphone use duration, frequency, and self-efficacy predicted the habitual use, which also led to poorer sleep quality and worse memory outcomes. Prebedtime exposure moderated the relationship between habitual smartphone uses and sleep quality. The results show that students' habitual smartphone use had a significant impact on their health, cognition and more, even when they exhibited little smartphone addiction. The findings contribute to a better understanding of smartphone impact on school-age youths.
越来越多的研究致力于研究青少年的智能手机成瘾及其对生活的影响，但对于青少年习惯性使用智能手机的预测因素和影响知之甚少。本研究以社会认知理论为指导，基于全国代表性的中国学生样本（n=2298），调查了习惯性使用智能手机如何影响睡眠质量和日常记忆。研究采用了聚类随机抽样，并对不同地区进行分层，包括来自中国各地小学、中学和高中的 6-18 岁城市和农村学生。研究发现，中国学生表现出习惯性使用智能手机的行为，他们普遍对使用移动设备有信心，但很少有人有智能手机成瘾。关于智能手机的习惯性使用，存在显著的性别和年龄差异。具体来说，男孩比女孩表现出更高的习惯性使用和智能手机自我效能感。与小学生和中学生相比，高中生表现出更高的习惯性使用智能手机的行为。智能手机使用时间、频率和自我效能感预测了习惯性使用，这也导致了较差的睡眠质量和更差的记忆结果。睡前暴露度调节了习惯性使用智能手机与睡眠质量之间的关系。研究结果表明，学生习惯性使用智能手机对他们的健康、认知等方面都有重大影响，即使他们表现出很少的智能手机成瘾。这些发现有助于更好地理解智能手机对学龄青少年的影响。
