Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 25;18(5):2270. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052270.
This research aims to assess the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from central cities of Punjab and Pakistan's northern cities. A total of 2970 fruit samples from 12 citrus cultivars were examined using liquid chromatography fitted with a UV detector. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit were 0.04 and 0.12 µg/kg, respectively. About 56% of samples of citrus fruits from Punjab's central cities, Pakistan, were found to be contaminated with PAT, with values ranging from 0.12 to 1150 µg/kg in samples from central Punjab cities. Furthermore, 31.7% of samples of citrus fruits from northern cities of Pakistan were contaminated with PAT, with values ranging from 0.12 to 320 µg/kg. About 22.1% of citrus fruit samples had PAT levels greater than the suggested limits established by the European Union (EU). The dietary intake levels of PAT ranged from 0.10 to 1.11 µg/kg bw/day in the central cities of Punjab, Pakistan, and 0.13 to 1.93 µg/kg bw/day in the northern cities of Pakistan.
本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦旁遮普省中部城市和北部城市选定柑橘类水果中棒曲霉素（PAT）的自然发生情况。使用配备紫外检测器的液相色谱法对来自 12 个柑橘品种的 2970 个水果样本进行了检测。检测限（LOD）和定量限分别为 0.04 和 0.12μg/kg。在巴基斯坦旁遮普省中部城市的柑橘类水果样本中，约有 56%的样本被发现受到 PAT 污染，来自旁遮普中部城市的样本中 PAT 的含量范围为 0.12 至 1150μg/kg。此外，巴基斯坦北部城市的柑橘类水果样本中有 31.7%受到 PAT 污染，含量范围为 0.12 至 320μg/kg。约 22.1%的柑橘类水果样本中的 PAT 含量超过了欧盟（EU）制定的建议限量。在巴基斯坦旁遮普省中部城市，PAT 的膳食摄入量范围为 0.10 至 1.11μg/kg bw/day，在巴基斯坦北部城市的摄入量范围为 0.13 至 1.93μg/kg bw/day。
