Masi Marco, Petraretti Mariagioia, De Natale Antonino, Pollio Antonino, Evidente Antonio
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Biomolecules. 2021 Feb 16;11(2):295. doi: 10.3390/biom11020295.
Fungi are among the biotic agents that can cause deterioration of building stones and cultural heritage. The most common methods used to control fungal spread and growth are based on chemical pesticides. However, the massive use of these synthetic chemicals produces heavy environmental pollution and risk to human and animal health. Furthermore, their use is time dependent and relies on the repetition of treatments, which increases the possibility of altering building stones and culture heritage through environmental contamination. One alternative is the use of natural products with high antifungal activity, which can result in reduced toxicity and deterioration of archeological remains. Recently, three fungal strains, namely and were isolated as damaging agents from the external tuff wall of the Roman remains "Villa of Poppea" in Oplontis, Naples, Italy. In this manuscript, three selected fungal metabolites, namely cyclopaldic acid, cavoxin and -epoformin, produced by fungi pathogenic for forest plants, were evaluated as potential antifungal compounds against the above fungi. Cavoxin and -epoformin showed antifungal activity against and , while cyclopaldic acid showed no activity when tested on the three fungi. The same antifungal activity was observed in vitro experiments on infected stones of the Neapolitan yellow tuff (NYT), a volcanic lithotype widely diffused in the archeological sites of Campania, Italy. This study represents a first step in the use of these two fungal metabolites to allow better preservation of artworks and to guarantee the conditions suitable for their conservation.
真菌是能够导致建筑石材和文化遗产变质的生物因子之一。用于控制真菌传播和生长的最常见方法基于化学农药。然而，大量使用这些合成化学品会造成严重的环境污染，并对人类和动物健康构成风险。此外，它们的使用具有时间依赖性，且依赖于重复处理，这增加了通过环境污染改变建筑石材和文化遗产的可能性。一种替代方法是使用具有高抗真菌活性的天然产物，这可以降低毒性并减少对考古遗迹的损害。最近，从意大利那不勒斯奥普隆蒂斯的罗马遗迹“波佩亚别墅”的外部凝灰岩墙壁中分离出三种真菌菌株，即[具体菌株名称缺失]，它们被认定为破坏因子。在本论文中，对三种由森林植物致病真菌产生的选定真菌代谢产物，即环杷地酸、卡沃辛和β-表佛明，作为针对上述真菌的潜在抗真菌化合物进行了评估。卡沃辛和β-表佛明对[具体真菌名称缺失]表现出抗真菌活性，而环杷地酸在对这三种真菌进行测试时未显示出活性。在对那不勒斯黄凝灰岩（NYT）感染石块的体外实验中也观察到了相同的抗真菌活性，NYT是一种在意大利坎帕尼亚考古遗址广泛分布的火山岩类型。这项研究是使用这两种真菌代谢产物以更好地保护艺术品并确保适合其保存条件的第一步。
