Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Jun 14;14(6):407. doi: 10.3390/toxins14060407.
Biocides based on chemical synthetic compounds have been commonly used to counteract damages caused by microorganisms on stone cultural heritage. However, in the last few years, the use of commercial and traditional biocides has been banned and/or limited due to their dangerous profile for the environment, as well as human and animal health. Natural products could be used as suitable alternatives for cultural heritage purposes, as they have low toxicity and stability compared with synthetic pesticides. Even if most of the investigated solutions have already shown promising results, their efficiency, ecotoxicological, and chemical features are poorly investigated. In this manuscript, we aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological profile of four fungal metabolites-namely, cavoxin, -epoformin, seiridin, and sphaeropsidone-with potential antimicrobial properties for monumental artworks. A battery of ecotoxicological tests using (bacterium), (alga), L. (macrophyte), (crustacean), and (nematode) revealed a relative lower toxicity of these compounds, especially when compared with Preventol and Rocima, commercial biocides mainly used for the conservation of cultural heritage.
基于化学合成化合物的杀菌剂已被广泛用于对抗石质文化遗产上微生物造成的损害。然而，近年来，由于对环境以及人类和动物健康的危害，商业和传统杀菌剂的使用已被禁止和/或限制。天然产品可作为文化遗产保护的合适替代品，因为它们与合成农药相比毒性和稳定性较低。尽管大多数经过调查的解决方案已经显示出有希望的结果，但它们的效率、生态毒性和化学特性仍未得到充分研究。在本文中，我们旨在评估四种具有潜在抗菌特性的真菌代谢物（即 cavoxin、-epoformin、seiridin 和 sphaeropsidone）的生态毒性特征，这些代谢物可用于纪念性艺术品。使用 （细菌）、 （藻类）、 （大型植物）、 （甲壳类动物）和 （线虫）进行了一系列生态毒性测试，结果表明这些化合物的毒性相对较低，尤其是与主要用于文化遗产保护的商业杀菌剂 Preventol 和 Rocima 相比。
