Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, 600 S 43rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 28;22(5):2433. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052433.
Immunotherapy is a highly emerging form of breast cancer therapy that enables clinicians to target cancers with specific receptor expression profiles. Two popular immunotherapeutic approaches involve chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T) and bispecific antibodies (BsAb). Briefly mentioned in this review as well is the mRNA vaccine technology recently popularized by the COVID-19 vaccine. These forms of immunotherapy can highly select for the tumor target of interest to generate specific tumor lysis. Along with improvements in CAR-T, bispecific antibody engineering, and therapeutic administration, much research has been done on novel molecular targets that can especially be useful for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy. Combining emerging immunotherapeutics with tumor marker discovery sets the stage for highly targeted immunotherapy to be the future of cancer treatments. This review highlights the principles of CAR-T and BsAb therapy, improvements in CAR and BsAb engineering, and recently identified human breast cancer markers in the context of in vitro or in vivo CAR-T or BsAb treatment.
免疫疗法是一种极具发展前景的乳腺癌治疗方法，使临床医生能够针对具有特定受体表达谱的癌症进行靶向治疗。两种流行的免疫治疗方法包括嵌合抗原受体-T 细胞（CAR-T）和双特异性抗体（BsAb）。本综述还简要提及了最近因 COVID-19 疫苗而普及的 mRNA 疫苗技术。这些免疫治疗形式可以高度选择感兴趣的肿瘤靶标，以产生特异性肿瘤裂解。随着 CAR-T、双特异性抗体工程和治疗管理的改进，针对新型分子靶标进行了大量研究，这些靶标对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）免疫治疗尤其有用。将新兴的免疫疗法与肿瘤标志物的发现相结合，为高度靶向的免疫疗法成为癌症治疗的未来奠定了基础。本综述重点介绍了 CAR-T 和 BsAb 治疗的原理、CAR 和 BsAb 工程的改进，以及最近在 CAR-T 或 BsAb 治疗的体外或体内环境中鉴定出的人类乳腺癌标志物。
