Malinowska Barbara, Baranowska-Kuczko Marta, Kicman Aleksandra, Schlicker Eberhard
Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 17;22(4):1986. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041986.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which, in turn, may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid from the cannabis plant, as a potential agent for the treatment of COVID-19. CBD has been shown to downregulate proteins responsible for viral entry and to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against diseases of the respiratory system as well as its cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-convulsant properties, that is, effects that may be beneficial for COVID-19. Only the latter two properties have been demonstrated in clinical studies, which also revealed anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of CBD (given alone or together with Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol), which may be important for an adjuvant treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with COVID-19 and to limit post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, one should be aware of side effects of CBD (which are rarely serious), drug interactions (also extending to drugs acting against COVID-19) and the proper route of its administration (vaping may be dangerous). Clearly, further clinical studies are necessary to prove the suitability of CBD for the treatment of COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染可能导致2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），而后者又可能与多器官功能障碍相关。在本综述中，我们介绍了大麻二酚（CBD）——一种来自大麻植物的无毒性植物大麻素——作为治疗COVID-19潜在药物的优缺点。已证明CBD可下调负责病毒进入的蛋白质，并抑制SARS-CoV-2复制。临床前研究已证明其对呼吸系统疾病有效，以及具有心脏保护、肾脏保护、肝脏保护、神经保护和抗惊厥特性，即这些作用可能对COVID-19有益。临床研究仅证实了后两种特性，这些研究还揭示了CBD（单独使用或与Δ-四氢大麻酚联合使用）的抗焦虑和镇痛作用，这对于辅助治疗以改善COVID-19患者的生活质量和减轻创伤后应激症状可能很重要。然而，人们应该意识到CBD的副作用（很少严重）、药物相互作用（也扩展到对抗COVID-19的药物）及其合适的给药途径（雾化可能很危险）。显然，需要进一步的临床研究来证明CBD对治疗COVID-19的适用性。
