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利用各种基于聚丙烯酸的水凝胶从盐度梯度中回收能量。

Recovered Energy from Salinity Gradients Utilizing Various Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogels.

作者信息

Bui Tri Quang, Cao Vinh Duy, Wang Wei, Kjøniksen Anna-Lena

机构信息

Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, P.O. Box 700, 1757 Halden, Norway.

Department of Chemistry & Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2021 Feb 22;13(4):645. doi: 10.3390/polym13040645.

DOI:10.3390/polym13040645
PMID:33671592
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7926844/
Abstract

Hydrogels can be utilized to extract energy from salinity gradients when river water mixes with seawater. Saline-sensitive hydrogels exhibit a reversible swelling/shrinking process when they are, alternately, exposed to fresh and saline water. We present a comparison of several poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels, including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(acrylic acid--vinylsulfonic acid) (PAA/PVSA), and poly(4-styrenessulfonic acid--maleic acid) interpenetrated in a poly(acrylic acid) network (PAA/PSSA-MA). The hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization, copolymerization, and by semi-IPN (interpenetrating polymer network). The hydrogels were placed in a piston-like system to measure the recovered energy. Semi-IPN hydrogels exhibit a much higher recovered energy compared to the copolymer and PAA hydrogel. The recovered energy of 60 g swollen gel was up to 4 J for the PAA/PSSA-MA hydrogel. The obtained energy per gram dried gel was up to 13.3 J/g. The swelling volume of the hydrogels was maintained for 30 cycles without decline in recovered energy.

摘要

当河水与海水混合时，水凝胶可用于从盐度梯度中提取能量。对盐敏感的水凝胶在交替暴露于淡水和盐水时会呈现可逆的膨胀/收缩过程。我们对几种基于聚丙烯酸的水凝胶进行了比较，包括聚丙烯酸（PAA）、聚丙烯酸 - 乙烯基磺酸（PAA/PVSA）以及在聚丙烯酸网络中互穿的聚（4 - 苯乙烯磺酸 - 马来酸）（PAA/PSSA - MA）。这些水凝胶通过自由基聚合、共聚以及半互穿聚合物网络（semi - IPN）合成。将水凝胶置于类似活塞的系统中以测量回收的能量。与共聚物和PAA水凝胶相比，半互穿聚合物网络水凝胶表现出更高的回收能量。对于PAA/PSSA - MA水凝胶，60克溶胀凝胶回收的能量高达4焦耳。每克干燥凝胶获得的能量高达13.3焦耳/克。水凝胶的溶胀体积在30个循环中保持不变，回收能量也没有下降。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ee526318ac76/polymers-13-00645-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/3a59dd5e86a3/polymers-13-00645-sch001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/476219537466/polymers-13-00645-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/3becb4162e1d/polymers-13-00645-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/cf1d3a56988f/polymers-13-00645-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/4ed4d46ab018/polymers-13-00645-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ee511fcc555e/polymers-13-00645-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/3c107662dc4c/polymers-13-00645-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ccfdb042890e/polymers-13-00645-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/2992473ef05f/polymers-13-00645-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/1d02ec3a0dad/polymers-13-00645-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ee526318ac76/polymers-13-00645-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/3a59dd5e86a3/polymers-13-00645-sch001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/476219537466/polymers-13-00645-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/3becb4162e1d/polymers-13-00645-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/cf1d3a56988f/polymers-13-00645-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/4ed4d46ab018/polymers-13-00645-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ee511fcc555e/polymers-13-00645-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/3c107662dc4c/polymers-13-00645-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ccfdb042890e/polymers-13-00645-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/2992473ef05f/polymers-13-00645-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/1d02ec3a0dad/polymers-13-00645-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c93e/7926844/ee526318ac76/polymers-13-00645-g010.jpg

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