Winblad von Walter Louise, Forkman Björn, Högberg Madeleine, Hydbring-Sandberg Eva
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Section of Animal Welfare and Disease Prevention, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 23;11(2):575. doi: 10.3390/ani11020575.
The aim of the study was to examine how early permanent separation, separation during the day only, or full-time access to the mother goat affected goat kids during social isolation with a sudden sound of a dog bark at two weeks and two months, and a novel arena test with a novel object at two months. Kids permanently separated reduced their vocalization earlier and had a higher heart rate before and after dog bark during isolation at two weeks, no effect was found on the daytime separated kids. Daytime separated kids bleated more at two weeks and decreased heart rate after dog barking at two months. Daytime separated kids showed the strongest fear reaction in the arena test, no effect was found on the permanently separated kids. Kids separated early vocalized more before novel object and showed more explorative behavior afterwards. Our study shows different responses in goat kids separated early permanent, daytime separated, or kept full-time with mother, which demonstrates the importance of if and how the mother is present, and the impact of using a wide variety of physiological and behavioral measures when evaluating stress in animal welfare research.
本研究的目的是考察早期永久分离、仅在白天分离或全天与母羊接触，对山羊幼崽在两周和两个月时听到突然的狗叫声而处于社会隔离状态，以及在两个月时进行的带有新物体的新环境测试中的影响。在两周大时处于隔离状态且永久分离的幼崽更早地减少了发声，并且在听到狗叫声之前和之后心率更高，而在白天分离的幼崽身上未发现影响。白天分离的幼崽在两周大时咩叫得更多，在两个月大时听到狗叫声后心率下降。白天分离的幼崽在新环境测试中表现出最强烈的恐惧反应，在永久分离的幼崽身上未发现影响。早期分离的幼崽在新物体前发声更多，之后表现出更多的探索行为。我们的研究表明，早期永久分离、白天分离或全天与母亲在一起的山羊幼崽有不同的反应，这证明了母亲是否在场以及如何在场的重要性，以及在动物福利研究中评估应激时使用多种生理和行为测量方法的影响。
