G Chatzimitakos Theodoros, Pliatsika Claire, Chousidis Ieremias, D Leonardos Ioannis, Stalikas Constantine D
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Feb 14;11(2):483. doi: 10.3390/nano11020483.
Recently, concern has been raised over the transport, transformation, and fate of carbon nanodots (CNDs) after their release into the environment. Their toxicity towards organisms and humans has recently been addressed as an important issue. In this study, a metabolomic approach was employed to obtain an insight into the effect of CNDs (either pristine or doped with nitrogen and nitrogen/sulfur) on zebrafish. Embryos were exposed to concentrations corresponding to lethal concentration (LC) LC (550, 400, and 150 μg mL), LC (275, 200, and 75 μg mL), and LC (138, 100, and 38 μg mL) of the three CNDs (non-doped, N-doped, and N,S-codoped, respectively) to scrutinize the interactions of the CNDs with the larvae. Numerous differences in the metabolic pathways were recorded in all cases. Seven metabolic pathways were detected in the control larvae. When the larvae were exposed to concentrations equal to LC, LC, and LC of non-doped CNDs, 12, 12, and 3 metabolic pathways were detected, respectively. In the case of N-doped CNDs, 4, 7, and 4 pathways were detected, while in the case of N,S-codoped CNDs, 8, 5, and 5 pathways were detected when exposed to concentrations of LC, LC, and LC, respectively. In all cases, certain metabolic pathways were altered while others were either down-regulated or up-regulated. Some of these changes include the activation of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, D-glutamine, and D-glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, selenoamino acid metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathways. Moreover, the deactivation of starch and sucrose metabolism, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, among others, were recorded. Our findings underline the importance to further study the impact of CNDs on marine organisms. As zebrafish has been shown to share many similarities with humans in bioprocesses and genome, it can be assumed that CNDs may also pose a threat to human health.
最近，人们对碳纳米点（CNDs）释放到环境后的运输、转化和归宿表示关注。它们对生物体和人类的毒性最近已成为一个重要问题。在本研究中，采用代谢组学方法来深入了解CNDs（原始的或掺杂氮和氮/硫的）对斑马鱼的影响。将胚胎暴露于相当于三种CNDs（分别为未掺杂、氮掺杂和氮/硫共掺杂）的致死浓度（LC）LC（550、400和150μg/mL）、LC（275、200和75μg/mL）和LC（138、100和38μg/mL）的浓度下，以仔细研究CNDs与幼虫的相互作用。在所有情况下都记录到了代谢途径的许多差异。在对照幼虫中检测到7条代谢途径。当幼虫暴露于等于未掺杂CNDs的LC、LC和LC的浓度时，分别检测到12、12和3条代谢途径。在氮掺杂CNDs的情况下，当暴露于LC、LC和LC的浓度时，分别检测到4、7和4条途径，而在氮/硫共掺杂CNDs的情况下，分别检测到8、5和5条途径。在所有情况下，某些代谢途径发生了改变，而其他途径则被下调或上调。其中一些变化包括丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、氨酰-tRNA生物合成、丁酸代谢、D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、硒氨基酸代谢、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解途径的激活。此外，还记录到淀粉和蔗糖代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢等的失活。我们的研究结果强调了进一步研究CNDs对海洋生物影响的重要性。由于斑马鱼在生物过程和基因组方面已被证明与人类有许多相似之处，可以假定CNDs也可能对人类健康构成威胁。
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