Bettini Emily, Locci Michela
Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Feb 12;9(2):147. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020147.
To successfully protect against pathogen infection, a vaccine must elicit efficient adaptive immunity, including B and T cell responses. While B cell responses are key, as they can mediate antibody-dependent protection, T cells can modulate B cell activity and directly contribute to the elimination of pathogen-infected cells. In the unprecedented race to develop an effective vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the respiratory disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as front runners thanks to their capacity for rapid development and ability to drive potent adaptive immune responses. In this review article, we provide an overview of the results from pre-clinical studies in animal models as well as clinical studies in humans that assessed the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, with a primary focus on adaptive immune responses post vaccination.
为了成功预防病原体感染，疫苗必须引发有效的适应性免疫，包括B细胞和T细胞反应。虽然B细胞反应很关键，因为它们可以介导抗体依赖性保护，但T细胞可以调节B细胞活性并直接有助于消除病原体感染的细胞。在为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2，即2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体）研发有效疫苗的这场前所未有的竞赛中，信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗凭借其快速开发的能力和驱动强大适应性免疫反应的能力成为领跑者。在这篇综述文章中，我们概述了动物模型的临床前研究以及评估SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗疗效的人体临床研究结果，主要关注接种疫苗后的适应性免疫反应。
