Jursík Miroslav, Hamouzová Kateřina, Hajšlová Jana
Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Foods. 2021 Feb 12;10(2):405. doi: 10.3390/foods10020405.
(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.
(1) 背景：芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类和环己二酮类是全球双子叶作物中使用最广泛的除草剂。本研究的主要目的是确定胡萝卜、生菜、花椰菜和洋葱中除草剂残留的动态变化，以便提出收获蔬菜中的低残留水平。(2) 方法：在捷克共和国对四种蔬菜进行了小区田间试验。在生长季节连续采集蔬菜样本。采用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法测定除草剂残留的多残留方法。使用指数衰减公式计算蔬菜中各除草剂的非线性降解模型。为所有测试除草剂确定了25%和50%最大残留限量（MRL）以及10 μg/kg限量（婴儿食品）的收获前安全间隔期（Action GAP）。(3) 结果：与精喹禾灵和高效氟吡甲禾灵相比，氟吡禾灵在胡萝卜、洋葱和花椰菜中的降解动态明显较慢。施药11天后，在花椰菜中检测到最高量（2796 μg/kg）的氟吡禾灵残留。在任何蔬菜样本中均未检测到丙炔氟草胺和噻草酮的残留。(4) 结论：芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类除草剂（丙炔氟草胺除外）容易污染蔬菜，尤其是生长季节短的蔬菜。用氟吡禾灵处理过的蔬菜不适合作为婴儿食品。用精喹禾灵处理过的生菜和花椰菜不适合作为婴儿食品，但在洋葱和胡萝卜中可以使用精喹禾灵。丙炔氟草胺和噻草酮是用于无残留（婴儿食品）蔬菜生产的有前景的除草剂。
