Rosentreter Hanna, Walther Marc, Lerch André
Chair of Process Engineering in Hydro Systems, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Chair of Forest Biometrics and Forest Systems Analysis, Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Feb 12;11(2):126. doi: 10.3390/membranes11020126.
Saline groundwater (SGW) is an alternative water resource. However, the concentration of sodium, chloride, sulphate, and nitrate in SGW usually exceeds the recommended guideline values for drinking water and irrigation. In this study, the partial desalination performance of three different concentrated SGWs were examined by pressure-driven membrane desalination technologies: nanofiltration (NF), brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO), and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO); in addition to one electrochemical-driven desalination technology: membrane capacitive deionisation (MCDI). The desalination performance was evaluated using the specific energy consumption (SEC) and water recovery, determined by experiments and simulations. The experimental results of this study show that the SEC for the desalination of SGW with a total dissolved solid (TDS) concentration of 1 g/L by MCDI and NF is similar and ranges between 0.2-0.4 kWh/m achieving a water recovery value of 35-70%. The lowest SECs for the desalination of SGW with a TDS concentration ≥2 g/L were determined by the use of BWRO and SWRO with 0.4-2.9 kWh/m for a water recovery of 40-66%. Even though the MCDI technique cannot compete with pressure-driven membrane desalination technologies at higher raw water salinities, this technology shows a high selectivity for nitrate and a high potential for flexible desalination applications.
含盐地下水（SGW）是一种替代水资源。然而，SGW中钠、氯、硫酸根和硝酸根的浓度通常超过饮用水和灌溉用水的推荐指导值。在本研究中，通过压力驱动膜脱盐技术：纳滤（NF）、苦咸水反渗透（BWRO）和海水反渗透（SWRO），研究了三种不同浓缩SGW的部分脱盐性能；此外还研究了一种电化学驱动脱盐技术：膜电容去离子化（MCDI）。使用通过实验和模拟确定的比能耗（SEC）和水回收率来评估脱盐性能。本研究的实验结果表明，MCDI和NF对总溶解固体（TDS）浓度为1 g/L的SGW进行脱盐时的SEC相似，范围在0.2 - 0.4 kWh/m之间，水回收率为35 - 70%。对于TDS浓度≥2 g/L的SGW脱盐，最低SEC是通过使用BWRO和SWRO确定的，比能耗为0.4 - 2.9 kWh/m，水回收率为40 - 66%。尽管在较高的原水盐度下，MCDI技术无法与压力驱动膜脱盐技术竞争，但该技术对硝酸根具有高选择性，并且在灵活的脱盐应用方面具有很大潜力。
